Icy flood waters cover Long Wharf and the Aquarium T Station parking during Winter Storm Grayson. Large snowflakes are falling and the harbor, usually visible from this location, is hidden due to the gray skies.

Boston High Water Mark

Right now you are standing at the location of one of four high water mark signs across Boston.

These signs show the flood water levels during the Storm of Record for Boston Harbor.

A storm of record is the storm that caused the highest recorded flood levels in a given area.

January 4, 2018

On January 4th, 2018 a bomb cyclone (also known as Winter Storm Grayson) caused historic-level flooding across Boston.

Icy flood waters cover Seaport Boulevard and Northern Avenue in front of the Boston Fish Pier. Flood waters have brought ships level with the street and a fire hydrant is partially submerged.
Icy flood waters cover Seaport Boulevard and Northern Avenue in front of the Boston Fish Pier. Flood waters have brought ships level with the street and a fire hydrant is partially submerged.

A bomb cyclone is a type of storm that strengthens quickly when cold air collides with warm air and undergoes a process called "bombogenesis." That process causes atmospheric pressure to drop and the storm to intensify.

Two firefighters wearing full gear wade ankle-deep through icy flood waters in front of the Aquarium T Station. Heavy snow is falling.
Two firefighters wearing full gear wade ankle-deep through icy flood waters in front of the Aquarium T Station. Heavy snow is falling.

Tides in Boston Harbor during this storm were the highest recorded since 1921. This broke the previous record set during the Blizzard of '78.

Icy flood waters cover Seaport Boulevard and Northern Ave in front of the Boston Fish Pier. Heavy snow is falling and the sky is completely gray.
Icy flood waters cover Seaport Boulevard and Northern Ave in front of the Boston Fish Pier. Heavy snow is falling and the sky is completely gray.

Looking Ahead

Boston will experience more intense and frequent flooding due to sea level rise and climate change.

The City of Boston is planning for the impacts of climate change through its Climate Ready Boston program.

Looking at Commercial Wharf from Long Wharf on a sunny, cloudless day.
Looking at Commercial Wharf from Long Wharf on a sunny, cloudless day.

You can use this map to explore projected coastal flood risk in Boston around the 2070s. The map shows 1% and 10% annual flood event risk and high tide flood risk.

During a storm, winds can blow ocean water towards the land, creating a “storm surge” on top of the baseline sea level.

As sea levels rise, Boston will see more frequent floods even with less intense storms.

Icy flood waters fill the Aquarium T Station parking lot during the January 4th Bomb Cyclone. Flood waters reach mid-way up the wheels of a white van, and heavy snow is falling.
Icy flood waters fill the Aquarium T Station parking lot during the January 4th Bomb Cyclone. Flood waters reach mid-way up the wheels of a white van, and heavy snow is falling.

This map shows the locations of the four high water mark signs that have been or will soon be installed across Boston. Click on each location to learn more about the effects of the January 4th Bomb Cyclone and future flood risk at that site.

Ryan Playground, Charlestown

Ryan Playground, Charlestown. Click to expand.

Ryan Park is located on the banks of the Mystic River in Charlestown. The park features many athletic fields, a street hockey rink, and a playground.

Long Wharf

Long Wharf. Click to expand.

Long Wharf was built in the early 1700s and is now a National Historic Landmark. Today it is an active wharf with water taxi service and MBTA ferry service to the Navy Yard in Charlestown, Logan International Airport, Hull, and Quincy. Passenger ferries go to the Boston Harbor Islands, Salem, and Provincetown. Many cruises on Boston Harbor leave from Long Wharf. The New England Aquarium is on Long Wharf, and the area is serviced by the Aquarium stop on the Blue Line. There is also a hotel, several restaurants, and public open space along the waterfront.

Lewis Mall, East Boston

Lewis Mall, East Boston. Click to expand.

Lewis Mall Harbor Park is located at the south end of Maverick Square in East Boston. The park was identified as a priority location for increased ferry and water taxi service in East Boston. Construction on the new pier began in 2020.

McConnell Park, Dorchester

McConnell Park, Dorchester. Click to expand.

McConnell Park is located on Savin Hill Beach in Dorchester Bay. The park includes several baseball fields. The park experienced significant flooding in the fields and parking lot in 2018. Flood waters made their way across the park and into low-lying areas in neighboring backyards, flooding basements and properties. 

McConnell Park, Dorchester

McConnell Park, Dorchester. Click to expand.

McConnell Park officially reopened on July 8, 2022 after a comprehensive park renovation. The renovations included upgrades to the play lot, fields, passive spaces, parking, utility improvements, and improved access. 

Ryan Playground, Charlestown

Ryan Park is located on the banks of the Mystic River in Charlestown. The park features many athletic fields, a street hockey rink, and a playground. 

During the January 4th Bomb Cyclone, flood levels at Ryan Playground reached 9.66 ft (NAVD88).

With projections of Sea Level Rise, a similar storm could cause flood waters to reach up to 14 ft (NAVD88)*, shown by the medallion on the High Water Mark Sign.

Long Wharf

Long Wharf was built in the early 1700s and is now a National Historic Landmark. Today it is an active wharf with water taxi service and MBTA ferry service to the Navy Yard in Charlestown, Logan International Airport, Hull, and Quincy. Passenger ferries go to the Boston Harbor Islands, Salem, and Provincetown. Many cruises on Boston Harbor leave from Long Wharf. The New England Aquarium is on Long Wharf, and the area is serviced by the Aquarium stop on the Blue Line. There is also a hotel, several restaurants, and public open space along the waterfront. 

During the January 4th Bomb Cyclone, flood waters surged over Long Wharf and reached a level of 9.66 ft (NAVD88).

With projections of Sea Level Rise, a similar storm could cause flood waters to reach up to 14 ft (NAVD88)*, shown by the medallion on the High Water Mark Sign.

Lewis Mall, East Boston

Lewis Mall Harbor Park is located at the south end of Maverick Square in East Boston. The park was identified as a priority location for increased ferry and water taxi service in East Boston. Construction on the new pier began in 2020. 

During the January 4th Bomb Cyclone, flood levels at Lewis Mall reached 9.66 ft (NAVD88).

With projections of Sea Level Rise, a similar storm could cause flood waters to reach up to 14 ft (NAVD88)*, shown by the medallion on the High Water Mark Sign.

McConnell Park, Dorchester

McConnell Park is located on Savin Hill Beach in Dorchester Bay. The park includes several baseball fields. The park experienced significant flooding in the fields and parking lot in 2018. Flood waters made their way across the park and into low-lying areas in neighboring backyards, flooding basements and properties. 

During the January 4th Bomb Cyclone, flood levels at McConnell Playground reached 9.66 ft (NAVD88).

With projections of Sea Level Rise, a similar storm could cause flood waters to reach up to 14 ft (NAVD88)*, shown by the medallion on the High Water Mark Sign.

McConnell Park, Dorchester

McConnell Park officially reopened on July 8, 2022 after a comprehensive park renovation. The renovations included upgrades to the play lot, fields, passive spaces, parking, utility improvements, and improved access. 

The park was intentionally designed to be able to flood. It includes flood-resistant materials which reduce impacts to the park from a flooding event. While it maintains access and connection to the water, it also includes raised portions of the site and is adaptable should climate change projections change. 


Visit the linked pages to learn more about the City's initiatives.

 Preparing for Climate Change  - Learn what the City of Boston is doing to prepare for increased sea level rise, flooding, and heat.

 Climate Ready Boston Map Explorer  - Explore Climate Ready Boston's spatial data on future flooding and extreme heat.

 Coastal Resilience Project Tracker  - Learn about Climate Ready Boston's recommendations from the coastal resilience solutions plans for  East Boston  and  Charlestown  South Boston , the  North End and Downtown , and  Dorchester .

*A range of sea level rise projections exists for Boston Harbor. For the high projection medallion on the High Water Mark sign we are using data from the Massachusetts Coast Flood Risk Model (MC-FRM). All Climate Ready Boston plans, including this plan, are consistent with projections from the MC-FRM and provide resilience solutions that can be altered or adapted to take into account changing risk over time. The City regularly assesses new information that may change these projections.


For information beyond the city of Boston, visit these links created by some of our state and federal partners!

 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Sea Level Rise Viewer  - View nationwide sea-level rise projections and potential coastal flooding impact areas.

 Coastal Inundation  - Learn more about what resources are available for communities to increase their resilience from rising seas and more frequent and intense storms.

 Natural Infrastructure  - Explore resources that may be useful for communities considering nature-based solutions to enhance their flooding resilience.

Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Managenent Massachusetts Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Viewer

Boston Water and Sewer Commisison's  City of Boston Innundation Model 

*These are some resources from the federal government. If you are within the city of Boston please refer to the City's resources. If you are outside the city of Boston, these may be some helpful resources for planning purposes.

Project Partners

City of Boston

Boston Planning and Development Agency

United States Geological Survey

Federal Emergency Management Agency

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

United States Army Corps of Engineers, New England District

Commonwealth of Massachusetts