Remembering their Work

Chinese-Americans did their part in shaping the economy and the job market landscape by working a variety of jobs, but just who were they?

Working towards a brighter future

Chinese immigrants initially came here in hopes of finding stable jobs to send money back to their relatives in China, but they had hopes of returning back to China. Yet many stayed in the United States in spite of the many racial systemic barriers they faced that were established to make it near impossible for Chinese immigrants to become citizens, own businesses, or even buy homes.

Quon Fat

(Alternative name: Quan Fat)


Quon Fat had spent well over a decade in California, jumping between San Diego and Los Angeles in order to maintain his employment status (the bulk of his time being spent in Los Angeles, where he lived for approximately 11 years). While living in Los Angeles, Quon Fat had spent time working as a cook for white families, noting "Mr. Henry", "others" and notably "Congressman Bowers" as some of the cliental he had attended to. Congressman William Bowers was a Republican politician who served as a representative in California's 6th District from 1891 to 1893, and California's 7th District from 1895 to 1897. At the time of the interview, Quon Fat reported that he was currently on a ranch in Los Angeles, presumably as a cook given that had been his primary job. Notably, he discussed investing $350 into Kwong On Chung's store and $400 worth of shares in Fook Sang Garden.

Lum Lin


Lum Lin had resided in California for well over a decade, reporting that he had lived in Stockton, California for a decade and then came to live in Los Angeles for another five. While in Stockon, Lum Lin ran his own laundry business (specifically stating "I owned a laundy."), though he does not clarify if he sold or closed the business when he moved to Los Angeles. He continued to work in laundry while living in Los Angeles, working for the Dak Kee laundry on Upper Main Street. He received seven dollars a week as compensation for his work, totaling roughly $24 a month. Additionally, he invested $700 into Fong Yip's store and $350 into Lim Wong's future restaurant.

Wong You


Wong You reports that he had lived in California for 21 years, having lived two years in Santa Paula and then the remaining 18 years in Los Angeles. Wong You does not discuss his past employment, however, on his official records, he is listed as a laborer, so he likely worked as a manual laborer for various businesses. At the time of the interview, he states that he is currently employed at Po Sang Ranch, which is owned by the Po Sang Company.

Albert Hing


Albert Hing had an incredibly interesting career, one that appears to have started while he was a teenager in order to help his family with the bills. Mr. Hing reportedly worked as an illegal dealer at an unnamed gambling house in LA, a job he quickly left after a next-door gambling house was raided and he feared for his safety. He worked as a fruit picker within the San Dimas area, as a houseboy (a domestic servant) for a stockbroker in La Brea on Beverly Boulevard. Then he moved on to working as a dishwasher in a nightclub in Los Angeles. Following this, he was employed as a butler, assistant chauffeur, and a script boy for an unnamed director and another director he referred to as Warren McCarthy. As he grew into his adult years and graduated high school, he moved on to a job as a produce salesman, a maintenance man for a sewing factory, a bartender, and then into an insurance Salesman for   Guarantee Insurance Company His last job involved him working at a defense plant while he attending going at the University of Southern California (USC), although he was forced to stop attending due to a lack of funds and a need to work more hours to support his family. At some point, Mr. Hing mentions joining the Chinese-American Citizens Alliance (C.A.C.A) in an effort to work towards "the betterment of the Chinese".

Gee Wong Howe

(American Name: Kay Wong Gee)


Gee Wong Howe spent the majority of her life working and running the grocery store her husband had started in an undisclosed city. After his death, she reminisces on the initially difficulty in maintaining and running the store, however, she continued to keep it open and hired help to run it until she eventually closed the store down and rented it out for $30 to $40 a month. She kept the business going until all her children had moved into a more stable position in their lives and had reliable jobs. At that point, she sold the business for a large sum (approximately $18,000) and worked smaller jobs in her elderly years despite the financial assistance her children provided. She states she worked as a shoe shiner, as a field laborer where she tied onions and scallions alongside her niece, worked as a nanny for several children, and sold vegetables from her own garden to local restaurants. All of this netted her very little money but it was enough to support her.

Florence Hoy


Florence Hoy was an orphan who was between the residence of Cameron House and her adoptive parents in San Francisco. The Cameron House was a mission home started in order to protect vulnerable, young Asian immigrants who came into the country from falling into the hands of prostitution and sex traffickers, as they were forbidden entry into the country under the Chinese Exclusion Act. As a young women, she worked in a department store that was Chinese owned, selling gifts. She briefly came back during her high school years to help out at the Cameron House as a receptionist. When Mrs. Hoy got married, her and her husband bought a neighborhood grocery store from a friend, which they ran and worked for approximately 30 years before selling it. As they started their business in 1931, they encountered quite a bit of trouble due to the Depression, where prices of everything needed to go up in order for them to afford their house and providing for their children.

B/W photograph. Old Chinatown. Group of Chinese men dressed in dark clothing and wearing hats and long queues walking around.


It is important to remember the foundational work many of the early Chinese immigrants laid for future generations, as while many struggled to obtain higher paying jobs and were forced into occupations that required manual laborer, they supported each other's business endeavors. As shown by Quon Fat and Lum Lin's investment within several members of their community businesses, it was clear how strong the communal support was amongst Chinese immigrants, who needed to stand together for one another in a nation which unfairly discriminated against them. These business endeavors would eventually pave the way for more job opportunities for Chinese immigrants, who struggled to get hired due to their race. They paved the way forward for the future opportunities and Chinese businesses to be established, like the ones Gee Wong Howe and Florence Hoy had that provided for their family for decades.

Citations

Background Image 1 of Old Chinatown

Photo provided from CHSSC Airtable archives,  CHSSC Digital Library: Photographs - Airtable 

Background Image of Quan Fat and Oral Interview Transcript

National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration,  catalog.archives.gov/id/176229626 

Source on Congressman Bowers

"Rep. William Bowers.” GovTrack.us, www.govtrack.us/congress/members/william_bowers/401654. 

Background Image 3 of Lum Lin and Oral Interview Transcript

National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration,  catalog.archives.gov/id/176231093 

Background Image 4 Wong You and Oral Interview Transcript

National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration,  catalog.archives.gov/id/176231093 

Albert Hing Oral Interview Transcription

Digital Archives of the CHSSC

Background Image 5 on Slide 4

California, University of Southern. “P Garnier Building , Chinese-American Citizens Alliance, Los Angeles,...” Getty Images, www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/garnier-building-chinese-american-citizens-alliance-los-news-photo/969014580.

Kay Wong Gee Oral Interview Transcription

Digital Archives of the CHSSC

Background Image 6 on Slide 5

Photo provided from CHSSC Airtable archives,  CHSSC Digital Library: Photographs - Airtable 

Florence Hoy Oral Interview Transcription

Digital Archives of the CHSSC

The Cameron House: Mission and History

“Mission & History.” Cameron House, 6 Feb. 2017, cameronhouse.org/about-us/history/. 

Background Image 7 on Slide 6

Photo provided from CHSSC Airtable archives,  CHSSC Digital Library: Photographs - Airtable 

Image 8 for Final Slide

Photo provided from CHSSC Airtable archives,  CHSSC Digital Library: Photographs - Airtable 

B/W photograph. Old Chinatown. Group of Chinese men dressed in dark clothing and wearing hats and long queues walking around.