The Salish Sea and Its Inhabitants
Natalie Santiago
Introduction
Intro the Salish Sea and its inhabitants
Amidst the global tapestry of our planet, the Salish Sea stands as a vital lifeline for the approximately 8.7 million individuals who directly depend on its resources. This interconnected web of waterways not only serves as a productive hub for sustenance but also plays a pivotal role in the economy and way of life in this region. Throughout recorded history, the Salish Sea has been a wellspring of inspiration. Today, however, our relationship with this precious marine environment is strained. Plastics mar its pristine waters, pollutants poison its wildlife, and the overexploitation of its rich biodiversity threatens the delicate balance. Much like the broader impact of anthropogenic climate change, the Salish Sea faces unique challenges, with rising temperatures and changing ecosystems affecting not only its marine life but also the indigenous communities who have called these waters home for generations. These communities, with deep-rooted cultural ties to the sea, find their traditional ways of life imperiled by the escalating forces of environmental change.
Nestled within the scenic expanse of the Salish Sea, where approximately 8.7 million people call home, the region's rich history often seems relegated to an afterthought. Beyond the vibrant present-day communities thriving along its shores, our exploration will not only delve into the historical narrative but also plunge into the ongoing struggles and challenges faced by the inhabitants and the marine environment in the contemporary context.
- How has human interaction with the Salish Sea evolved over time?
- What are the current challenges and threats faced by the Salish Sea ecosystem
- How are indigenous communities in the Salish Sea region impacted by environmental changes, and what are the threats to their traditional ways of life?
Where is the Salish Sea?
The Salish Sea is a complex network of coastal waterways located in the Pacific Northwest of North America, encompassing regions of both the United States and Canada. It includes several major bodies of water, such as the Puget Sound, the Strait of Georgia, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The sea is characterized by numerous islands, peninsulas, and inlets, creating a labyrinthine coastline with diverse ecosystems. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the Salish Sea exhibits a mix of marine and terrestrial environments, contributing to its rich biodiversity. The geography of the Salish Sea provides a unique and ecologically significant habitat that supports a variety of marine life and sustains the livelihoods of both human and non-human communities.
Right: Map of Salish Sea region
The Salish Sea's strategic location in the Pacific Northwest bestows it with profound significance, encapsulating the region's ecological diversity, cultural richness, and economic vitality. Nestled within the temperate rainforests and mountainous landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, the Salish Sea fosters a unique blend of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, nurturing a rich biodiversity.
Species of the Salish Sea
The Salish Sea is teeming with a rich tapestry of marine life, boasting a diverse array of species that contribute to its ecological vibrancy. Among the myriad inhabitants of this intricate ecosystem are iconic species that define its marine landscapes. Orcas, or killer whales, are among the most emblematic residents, showcasing a complex social structure and captivating behaviors. The sea's waters also host Pacific salmon, including Chinook, Coho, and Chum salmon, which play a pivotal role in the intricate web of life, supporting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The sea's intertidal zones reveal fascinating creatures like the iconic Pacific Northwest sea star and the elusive moon snail. Harbor seals find refuge in its coastal habitats, while seabirds such as the marbled murrelet grace the skies above. The underwater world of the Salish Sea harbors an abundance of marine invertebrates, including the graceful sea anemones and colorful nudibranchs. The Salish Sea serves as a crucial habitat for forage fish like herring and anchovies, which contribute significantly to the region's ecological balance. As we navigate through the layers of the Salish Sea, the multitude of species within its waters exemplifies the interconnectedness and delicate equilibrium that defines this extraordinary marine ecosystem.
Biodiversity in the Salish Sea
The Salish Sea, within the heart of the Pacific Northwest, stands as a haven for extraordinary biodiversity. Its intricate network of coastal waterways, including the Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia, creates a mosaic of diverse habitats, fostering a profusion of marine life. The sea's nutrient-rich waters support an array of species, from microscopic phytoplankton to orcas. Eelgrass beds provide crucial nursery grounds for juvenile fish, while kelp forests offer shelter to a myriad of marine organisms. Seabirds, seals, sea lions, and an assortment of fish species thrive in this dynamic ecosystem. The interconnectedness of the Salish Sea's ecosystems, encompassing both marine and terrestrial realms, contributes to its resilience and underscores the imperative of preserving this biodiversity-rich environment for the well-being of both nature and humanity.
Human History
Indigenous Presence
While the Salish Sea is a very biodiverse environment, it is also been home to diverse indigenous communities, each with a unique cultural heritage deeply intertwined with the land and sea. The Coast Salish peoples, encompassing various tribes and First Nations, have maintained a profound connection to the Salish Sea for countless generations. Their rich traditions, expressed through art, storytelling, and ceremonial practices, reflect a harmonious relationship with the natural environment. The sea has served as more than a source of sustenance; it holds spiritual significance and is integral to their identity. Despite the challenges posed by modern environmental changes, indigenous communities persist in their stewardship, upholding their ancestral connections to the Salish Sea and emphasizing the importance of preserving this vital ecosystem for future generations. The indigenous peoples of the Salish Sea continue to contribute to the region's cultural tapestry and advocate for sustainable practices that respect the delicate balance between human existence and the natural world.
Right: Map of Native Tribes in the Salish Sea Region
The Salish Sea, revered as a sacred resource, cradles the cultural and spiritual roots of over 65 indigenous tribes . For these communities, the sea is not merely a geographical expanse but a living entity, intricately woven into the fabric of their heritage. The spiritual significance of the Salish Sea extends beyond its physical boundaries, symbolizing a source of sustenance, cultural identity, and profound interconnectedness with the natural world. This sacred perspective underscores the urgency and responsibility to protect and preserve the Salish Sea, not just as an ecosystem but as a vessel of cultural heritage and spiritual vitality for the indigenous peoples who call it home.
Duwamish Tribe
Looking into one tribe in particular urbanization has significantly impacted the Duwamish Tribe, the original inhabitants of the Seattle, Washington area. The process of urban development has led to the displacement of the tribe from their ancestral lands, causing a loss of cultural and spiritual ties to the environment. The Duwamish River, historically vital for the tribe's traditional practices, has suffered from pollution and habitat destruction due to urban expansion. Economic shifts and societal changes associated with urbanization have presented challenges to the tribe's traditional way of life, impacting their cultural continuity and connection to heritage. Social inequities, recognition issues, and sovereignty struggles further compound the effects of urbanization on the Duwamish Tribe. Despite these challenges, the tribe engages in activism and advocacy to address environmental concerns, protect their cultural heritage, and seek federal recognition. Collaborative efforts are essential to address the multifaceted impacts of urbanization on the Duwamish Tribe, fostering sustainable development and preserving indigenous rights and traditions.
'People of the Salish Sea (Coast Salish)' from the film 'Clearwater'
Settling in the Salish Sea
Though the Salish Sea isn't only occupied by Native communities, the reason for that is European exploration, beginning in the late 18th century, led to increased contact with indigenous peoples, disrupting established ways of life. Euro-American settlers were irresistibly drawn to the bountiful resources of the Salish Sea, shaping the region's history. The Hudson’s Bay Company, recognizing the wealth of salmon, dispatched workers to San Juan Island in 1852 to secure and preserve this vital resource for export to the Hawaiian market. Seattle, a city that burgeoned with Euro-American settlers, saw the establishment of its first steam-powered sawmill in 1853 by settler Henry Yesler on the Salish Sea's shores. This mill not only marked a pivotal point in Seattle's early development but also served as a significant employer, propelling the city's growth. The strategic importance of the Salish Sea played a decisive role in historical events, notably during the Pig War when General William Harney ordered forces to San Juan Island to safeguard American access. The late 1800s and early 1900s witnessed the rise of industrial salmon packing plants across the Salish Sea, including the San Juan Islands. These plants, while major employers and sources of wealth, contributed to the over-exploitation of the sea's natural resources, leaving a lasting impact on the delicate balance of this marine ecosystem.
We've talked about the history of this region now we can turn our attention to the two biggest cities that border these waters. Urban areas along the coast, such as Seattle and Vancouver, epitomize the complex interplay between human development and the evolving climate.
Seattle & Vancouver
Vancouver and Seattle, two vibrant cities straddling the border of the Salish Sea, have experienced significant urban growth, shaping their identities as major hubs. Vancouver, situated on the Canadian side, and Seattle, its American counterpart, share commonalities in their rise as global cities, driven by economic prosperity, technological advancements, and cultural diversity. As both cities have expanded, they grapple with similar challenges, impacting the marine environment of the Salish Sea. The urbanization of coastlines in Vancouver and Seattle has altered natural ecosystems, with marinas, harbors, and industrial zones transforming the once-pristine shorelines. The consequences of urban runoff, carrying pollutants from urban areas, pose threats to water quality, affecting marine life on both sides of the border. Infrastructure projects and real estate development in both cities have led to habitat loss and modified coastal dynamics. Shoreline alterations, such as seawalls, disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems, affecting flora and fauna. These challenges, while distinct to each city, underscore the shared responsibility in preserving the health of the Salish Sea. Mitigating the environmental impacts of urban growth necessitates collaborative efforts across borders. Sustainable urban planning, habitat restoration, and pollution control initiatives are imperative for ensuring the resilience of the Salish Sea's marine environment. Vancouver and Seattle, as interconnected counterparts, must work collectively to strike a balance between urban development and environmental preservation for the well-being of this shared ecosystem.
Seattle and Vancouver Compared
Addressing Water Quality and Pollution Mitigation: In response to the pressing challenges posed by urbanization and industrial activities, both Vancouver and Seattle have implemented robust efforts and policies aimed at preserving water quality and mitigating pollution within the Salish Sea region. Vancouver: 1. Green Infrastructure Initiatives: Vancouver has embraced green infrastructure projects, including permeable pavements and green roofs, to manage stormwater effectively. These projects help reduce runoff, preventing the influx of pollutants into water bodies. 2. Sewage Treatment Upgrades: Significant investments have been made in upgrading sewage treatment facilities to enhance the removal of contaminants before discharge. This commitment to wastewater treatment contributes to maintaining the integrity of marine ecosystems. Seattle: 1. Stormwater Management Programs: Seattle has implemented comprehensive stormwater management programs focusing on reducing runoff pollution. These programs include the installation of rain gardens and permeable pavement to capture and treat stormwater before it reaches water bodies. 2. Environmental Regulations:The city has stringent environmental regulations governing industrial activities, preventing the release of harmful substances into the marine environment. Continuous monitoring and enforcement ensure compliance with these regulations. 3. Habitat Restoration Projects:Seattle prioritizes habitat restoration, particularly along its shorelines. This involves removing barriers, replanting native vegetation, and creating buffer zones to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems. Cross-Border Collaboration: Both cities recognize the interconnected nature of the Salish Sea and engage in collaborative efforts. Cross-border initiatives involve information sharing, joint research, and coordinated policies to address shared water quality concerns. Vancouver and Seattle's commitment to sustainable practices and pollution mitigation exemplifies the importance of regional cooperation in preserving the health of the Salish Sea.
Navigating the Climate Dynamics of the Salish Sea:
In our exploration of the Salish Sea, a critical lens is cast upon the intricate relationship between its inhabitants and the ever-evolving climate. The impacts of climate change, from rising temperatures to shifting oceanic conditions, are reverberating through the ecosystems that call this maritime expanse home. Sea-level rise, alterations in precipitation patterns, and changes in marine biodiversity pose challenges to both human and non-human communities. Indigenous peoples, who have sustained harmonious connections with the Salish Sea for generations, find their traditional ways of life increasingly threatened. As we delve into the layers of this dynamic environment, our journey unfolds to unravel the complexities of climate change in the Salish Sea and its profound implications for the intricate web of life that flourishes within its waters.
Climate Crisis in the Salish Sea
Climate Change is a problem being faced all around the world, but within the Salish Sea it comes with a separate set of issues.
Ocean Acidification:
Climate change-induced ocean acidification poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, impacting key species and triggering broader ecological implications. As carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by seawater, it undergoes chemical reactions, leading to a decrease in pH levels and an increase in acidity. The effects of ocean acidification are particularly pronounced in regions like the Salish Sea.
Effects on Marine Life:
- Shell-Forming Organisms: Ocean acidification affects shell-forming organisms such as mollusks, oysters, clams, and certain types of plankton. The lower pH interferes with the ability of these organisms to form and maintain their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons, making them vulnerable to dissolution.
- Impact on Coral Reefs: Coral reefs, vital ecosystems for marine biodiversity, are adversely affected. The acidification process hampers the ability of corals to build and maintain their calcium carbonate structures, leading to coral bleaching and the breakdown of reef ecosystems.
- Fish and Food Chains: Acidification can affect fish behavior, impairing their sensory abilities and disrupting crucial ecological interactions. Additionally, the impact on plankton, a primary component of marine food chains, can have cascading effects on higher trophic levels, including fish populations.
Ocean Acidification
Rising Sea Levels: The Salish Sea region also faces a significant threat from rising sea levels, a consequence of climate change-induced global warming. Coastal communities around the Salish Sea, such as those in low-lying areas of Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia, are particularly vulnerable. Examples of vulnerable areas include the Skagit Delta and parts of Vancouver Island. Local communities are implementing various adaptation strategies to confront this challenge. Initiatives include the construction of protective infrastructure like seawalls and levees, the restoration of natural buffers such as wetlands and dunes, and the development of innovative urban planning strategies that prioritize resilience. These efforts aim to mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels on both human settlements and the delicate ecosystems of the Salish Sea, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to secure the region's future against the ongoing threat of climate change.
Conservation in the Salish Sea
From marine protected areas to community-led initiatives, the conservation initiatives in the Salish Sea exemplify a commitment to preserving its rich biodiversity and safeguarding the interconnectedness of both the marine environment and the communities that call its shores home. Join us as we explore the multifaceted approaches and shared responsibilities that shape the ongoing narrative of conservation in the Salish Sea.
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
The Salish Sea is home to several marine protected areas (MPAs), designated regions aimed at conserving and managing marine ecosystems. These protected zones play a vital role in preserving biodiversity, maintaining healthy habitats, and supporting sustainable fisheries. Here are some notable marine protected areas within the Salish Sea: 1. Puget Sound Marine Conservation Area: - Located in the northern part of Puget Sound, this conservation area is designed to protect diverse habitats, including kelp forests and rocky reefs. - The MPA focuses on preserving the unique marine life in Puget Sound and promoting sustainable resource use. 2. San Juan Islands National Monument: - Encompassing numerous islands in the Salish Sea, the San Juan Islands National Monument includes marine areas vital for orca whales, seabirds, and other marine species. - The monument emphasizes conservation efforts and public enjoyment of the natural beauty within the islands. 3. Protection Island Aquatic Reserve: - Situated near the entrance to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, this aquatic reserve is dedicated to safeguarding the diverse marine life and habitats around Protection Island. - It serves as a critical nesting area for seabirds and supports a variety of marine mammals. 4. Strait of Georgia Conservation Area: - Extending into Canadian waters, the Strait of Georgia Conservation Area focuses on preserving the ecological integrity of the eastern part of the Salish Sea. - The area is crucial for various marine species, including salmon, rockfish, and seabirds. 5. Southern Gulf Islands Marine Conservation Area: - Located in Canadian waters, this conservation area covers a portion of the southern Salish Sea, including parts of the Gulf Islands. - It aims to protect the marine environment and sustain the abundance of marine life in the region. These marine protected areas are essential components of broader conservation strategies for the Salish Sea. They contribute to maintaining healthy ecosystems, supporting fisheries, and ensuring the long-term viability of marine biodiversity. Collaboration between the United States and Canada in designating and managing these areas reflects a shared commitment to the well-being of this unique and ecologically significant marine environment.
Protecting Salish Sea Natural Resources
Where to go from here?
In the ongoing quest to preserve the Salish Sea, local communities have become dynamic catalysts for change, employing the principles of the Diffusion of Innovation model. This model, which recognizes the spread of new ideas within a community, has found fertile ground in the Pacific Northwest as communities rally together to embrace innovative approaches to marine conservation. From early adopters pioneering sustainable practices to the majority catching the wave of change, witness the transformative journey of community-based initiatives influenced by the diffusion of innovation. Delve into the success stories and challenges faced by these communities, exploring how the Salish Sea becomes a living laboratory for the diffusion of sustainable practices. Join us in unraveling the tapestry of change woven by passionate individuals and communities, illuminating a path towards a more resilient and harmonious coexistence with the Salish Sea.
In the final chapter of our exploration, we stand at the shorelines of realization, recognizing the intricate web of connections that define the Salish Sea. The journey through its waters, ecosystems, and communities unveils a tapestry woven by nature and shaped by human endeavors. As we reflect on this intricate dance, it becomes evident that the fate of the Salish Sea rests not merely in the ebb and flow of its tides but in the collective heartbeat of those who share its shores. The interconnectedness of the Salish Sea serves as a poignant reminder of our shared responsibility – a responsibility to nurture, protect, and preserve. From the smallest organism to the towering peaks that cradle its expanse, every element plays a crucial role in the delicate symphony of this marine ecosystem. Our actions, both local and global, reverberate through the currents, impacting the vitality of the sea and the well-being of its inhabitants.
What can I do?
For those coming out of this wondering how can I help, the first thing that you should understand is your footprint and your impact on the land.
Climate Change: Your carbon footprint explained - BBC News
Once you've determined your carbon footprint, leveraging the diffusion model can be a powerful strategy to make a broader impact. Start by incorporating sustainable practices into your own life and sharing your experiences with friends, family, and colleagues. Utilize social media platforms to spread awareness about the importance of reducing carbon footprints and share practical tips. Organize local events or workshops to engage your community, providing a platform for collective learning and action. Encourage others to adopt sustainable habits by fostering a positive social norm around eco-friendly choices. By employing the diffusion model principles, you contribute not only to personal sustainability but also to the creation of a broader movement towards environmental responsibility in your community.
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