A World of Circles

A round-up of round features—both natural and human-made—from around the planet

A jewel-like circular atoll in the Pacific Ocean

Scattered among the intricate and chaotic patterns etched onto the surface of our planet are a few landmarks of striking symmetry. Here we present a selection of natural and human-made circles of various sizes, locations, and origins.

On the cover: The remote and uninhabited island of Vahanga in French Polynesia. Like other atolls, it formed over millions of years as a coral-fringed volcanic island slowly eroded away, with the reef encircling it persisting.

Egmont National Park, New Zealand

The primary feature is of the park is Mount Taranaki, a dormant volcano. The park's nearly circular boundary protects forested areas on the mountain's slopes.

Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec, Canada

A ring-shaped lake floods the remnants of a crater formed some 214 million years ago by a meteor impact. A 1960s-era dam, located south of the crater, formed the lake. The impoundment is part of the giant complex of hydroelectric facilities that provide power to Canadian cities.

Sun City, Arizona

Developer Dell Webb opened Sun City in 1960 as a pioneering planned retirement community. It is home to 37,000 seniors, who enjoy its golf courses, recreation centers, and other amenities.

Egyptian Ministry of Defense

Part of a sprawling government complex under construction in the desert east of Cairo, the "Octagon" outdoes the U.S. military headquarters, the Pentagon, not only in terms of number of sides, but also in total floor area among its ten octagonal structures.

Center pivot irrigation, Wichita County, Kansas

Groundwater is pumped to the surface and sprayed on fields using a rotating mechanism. Thousands of these features dot the western Great Plains.

University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

The campus of "UVic" is dominated by a Ring Road, which is almost 2,000 feet in diameter. The campus was formerly nestled entirely within its ring, but has grown beyond its confines.

Place Charles de Gaulle, Paris, France

Traffic swirls around Paris's Arc de Triomphe. A dozen streets radiate outward from the circle, including the famous Avenue des Champs-Élysées, which angles from upper left to lower right.

Lumbini, Nepal

The Maya Devi Temple nestles at the physical center of a circular sacred garden—and at the spiritual center of Buddhism. It is traditionally considered the site of the birth, in 623 BCE, of Siddhartha Gautama, who was to become Buddhism's founder.

Eye of the Desert, Mauritania

Also called the Richat Structure, this nearly circular West African formation is not a meteor crater. It's an eroded geologic dome.

Great Circle Earthworks, Newark, Ohio

This circular earthen structure was built by the Hopewell culture between 250 and 500 CE. It is one of three earthworks protected within the Newark Earthworks State Park.

Canberra, Australia

Australia's Parliament House resides within a rectangle within a circle within a larger circle. The city was designed by American architect Walter Burley Griffin, who clearly had a penchant for geometric shapes linked by grand axes.

Arecibo Radio Observatory, Puerto Rico

The radio telescope is 1,000 feet in diameter. It was built in the 1960s above a natural depression and was long used by the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project. The dish had been slated for decommissioning when it collapsed in December, 2020.

Nardò Ring, Italy

This circular, high-speed test track in southern Italy was acquired by Porsche in 1975. Its roadsters complete a lap every 7.8 miles.

Meteor Crater, Arizona

About 50,000 years ago a meteor 160 feet across paid a visit to what is now northern Arizona, leaving this divot, the diameter of which is about three quarters of a mile.

Kattenbroek, Netherlands

Kattenbroek is a suburb of the city of Amersfoort. Much of the low-lying landscape of Holland is meticulously planned and densely populated.

Tevatron, Batavia, Illinois

The Tevatron is a particle accelerator at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory outside of Chicago. It has been inactive since 2011, but is famed among physicists as the site of the discovery of the top quark in 1997.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, United Kingdom

The Stone Age ruin outside of Salisbury is at least 4,000 years old, and is the largest and most famous of hundreds of stone circles that dot the British Isles.

The Great Blue Hole, Belize

A circular sinkhole punctuates Lighthouse Reef about 45 miles offshore from Belize City. The hole is a popular diving site.

Apple headquarters, Cupertino, California

Starchitect Norman Foster's sleek megastructure sits on its campus like a newly-arrived alien spacecraft.

The circles above are located on the map below.

Map for circles story


This story was created by Esri's StoryMaps team using  ArcGIS StoryMaps . The visuals in the story are from Esri's imagery basemap and its "World Imagery (Clarity)" map, presenting imagery from its archive that may be clearer and/or more accurate than the content presented in the World Imagery map.