Ohio Floods of 1959
A look back at one of the most devastating floods in Ohio's history and what has been done since to protect against future flood disasters
Overview
Between January 21-24, 1959, Ohio experienced the most damaging and widespread flooding since 1913. Three weeks later (February 10-11), Ohio suffered yet another round of significant flooding complicated by ice jamming up river flows. The January 1959 floods were responsible for 16 deaths across the state, more than 17,000 flooded buildings, and over 50,000 evacuations. Total losses exceeded $100 Million, or over $1 Billion in 2024 dollars. The January 1959 flood remains the highest recorded for a few locations around the state and may be regarded as the flood that launched an expansion of flood protective efforts across much of Ohio.
Comparison between 1913 and 1959 floods
Weather
An abnormally cold December 1958 resulted in frozen ground through much of the state. Average December temperatures were well below normal, with much of Ohio 10 to 15°F below normal.
January 1959
In early January, temperatures stayed below average. A storm between January 14 and January 17 caused a half an inch to nearly two inches of precipitation to fall across the state, which fell as a mix of rain and snow. This was followed by a significant temperature drop, causing some of the runoff to freeze. At this time, there was anywhere from a half an inch to just over ten inches of snow on the ground.
Ohio snow depth map as of January 18, 1959, immediately before the heavy rainfall.
Within a few days, temperatures warmed into the 30's to 50's, along with widespread heavy rain. With the ground partially frozen, the heavy rainfall and snowmelt resulted in rapid runoff and flooding to begin. Rain fell almost continuously from January 19 through January 21. Several states had major flooding issues, but Ohio was hit the hardest.
February 1959
By February, many rivers had not yet receded to normal levels since the January rain and snowmelt. Extremely cold temperatures caused many of these rivers to freeze. Between February 9 to February 11, two to four inches of rain fell throughout much of northern Ohio. The rivers started to melt due to rainfall, causing the ice in the frozen rivers to break off in chunks. This caused ice jams under the bridges.
Communities
Select an image from the gallery below or a point on the map to find out more about how the 1959 flooding affected that community, including pictures. Click on the arrow on the right of the images to see more pictures. To exit out of the "tour," click on the "X" at the bottom of the text for that community.
Cleveland Area (Cuyahoga and Chagrin River Basins)
Youngstown, OH
Canton, OH
Fremont, OH
Mount Vernon, OH
Newark, OH
Zanesville, OH
Columbus, OH
Chillicothe, OH
Springfield, OH
South Lebanon/ Morrow/Milford
Butler County (New Miami/Ross)
Cleveland Area (Cuyahoga and Chagrin River Basins)
Impacts: Parts of five Northeast Ohio Counties in these river basins suffered severe damage and flash flooding. The Cleveland industrial area reported heavy losses. Several water and sewage systems suffered damage, resulting in a loss of service to thousands. Over 1,000 people evacuated in the Grand/Chagrin basins of Northeast Ohio. Severe damage to roads was reported in Summit and Cuyahoga counties, and there was over $2.5 Million in damages reported ($26.5 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: Five people lost their lives in Willoughby Hills near the Chagrin River in Lake County. This was the greatest concentration of deaths during this flood. Three were members of the Peterson family. Two were first responders, Ray Kifer and Hamilton Schweitzer, who perished while attempting to rescue the family. There were two additional fatalities in Cuyahoga County, John Walters and Pfc. Gary L Balsey of Salem.
Youngstown, OH
Impacts: 1,000 people were evacuated as parts of the city flooded. The steel manufacturing plants had severe flood damage, putting over 7,000 people temporarily out of work. Mahoning County/ Youngstown estimated damage was $5.9 Million (Over $60 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: An unidentified man was electrocuted while trying to connect an electric pump in his flooded basement in Salem.
Canton, OH
Impacts: 400 people were forced from their homes, and the industrial district was almost completely submerged. Over $5 Million in Industrial Damages (over $50 Million in 2024)
Fremont, OH
Impacts: 1,500 people were evacuated due to the January flooding. In February,an ice jam below the city backed the waters of the Sandusky River into most of the business area and residential districts, forcing the evacuation of over 1,000 people. Water was 2 feet deep in the business district. The Northern Ohio Sugar Company suffered a heavy loss and was forced to shut down.
Fatalities: Mr. and Mrs. Henry Munck from Toledo.
Mount Vernon, OH
Impacts: Water rose rapidly flooding a third of the city, 3,500 people were forced from their homes. Only one road was passable
A levee along the Kokosing River gave way, damaging the City of Mount Vernon's water plant and caused the worst flood in Mount Vernon's history. Damages along the Kokosing River in Knox County was approximately $1.9 Million ($19.9 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: In the Walhonding area on January 25th, a 62-year-old man slipped from a muddy bridge and drowned after inspecting damages.
Newark, OH
Impacts: Substantial flooding along all branches of the Licking River and Raccoon Creek severely damaged homes and businesses, as well as roads, resulting in the evacuation of 1,500 people. The water supply dam was weakened from the January flood and was washed away during the February flood. The highest observed stage on the Licking River was at Toboso, downstream from Newark, reported at one foot above the 1913 record.
Owens Corning Fiberglass was completely underwater (12 feet deep in the plant). The South Newark Floodwall over topped. The south side dike along the South Fork of the Licking River broke. The water main failed and residents had to go without potable water for five days. There were $1.4M in damages along the Raccoon Creek ($14.6M In 2024), with an additional $2.5M ($26 Million in 2024) in the Licking basin through Licking County.
Fatalities: One unidentified man drowned.
Zanesville, OH
Impacts: After the flood waters rose above the levee on the Licking River, 25 city blocks were flooded and five feet of water entered into the residential district. Railroads in the vicinity lost several miles of track. A local paper estimated the damage to boats and docks at $240,000.
Columbus, OH
Impacts: With many rivers converging near Columbus, damage was widespread. Columbus was the hardest hit of Ohio’s major cities. Along the Olentangy River, several homes were evacuated in the Worthington area. Along Alum Creek. over 280 people were evacuated. Over 500 people were evacuated along Big Walnut Creek, with some homes swept off their foundations.
Near the Scioto River, over 1,000 people were forced from their homes when a levee along Dry Run (west of Franklinton) gave way.
Throughout Columbus alone, at least 3,200 evacuees were taken in by the Red Cross at improvised shelters. Gas services were interrupted for several days.
Total loss over $3.5 Million ($36.6 Million in 2024). Over 100 homes were badly damaged or completely destroyed, with hundreds of cars submerged.
Fatalities: Mrs. Betty Montgomery, 50, died by suicide as the waters rose in her home.
Chillicothe, OH
Impacts: About one third of Chillicothe was flooded and over 9,000 people were evacuated. Due to the Delaware Lake and Dam, the US Army Corps of Engineers estimated that the flood crest was lowered by about 2.9 feet.
This was the only flood control dam in the Scioto basin at the time of the 1959 flood. Major damage to water and sewer facilities were caused by the failure of a levee. The total loss was $2 Million ($21 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: Mrs. Majorie Hawk died of exposure during the flood.
Springfield, OH
Impacts: Flooding from the Mad River and its tributary, Buck Creek, resulted in extensive damage to homes, businesses, roads and bridges. The flooding washed out train tracks, completely disrupting service.
Along the Mad River, 200 homes were evacuated near the community of Snyderville. This was the highest flood in Springfield's history. The total loss approached $4 Million ($41 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: One unidentified man was found frozen one and half miles from his home.
South Lebanon/ Morrow/Milford
Impacts:The Little Miami River levels exceeded the 1913 flood from Ft. Ancient to Morrow. Small communities along the Little Miami suffered locally severe damage, including Spring Valley, Corwin, Morrow and South Lebanon.
The hardest hit was South Lebanon and Morrow, having 500 evacuations combined. Damage to roads and bridges, as well as businesses was widespread. Damage in the basin exceeded $5 Million ($52 million in 2024 values).
Fatalities: Johnny Tucker of Lebanon and Earl W. Felock of Loveland both drowned.
Butler County (New Miami/Ross)
Impacts: The 1913 flood prompted construction of several flood controls measures along the Great Miami River, such as dams and levees. However, some smaller creeks remained vulnerable to severe floods. During the 1959 flood, over 500 homes were evacuated and gas service were temporarily suspended in the town of New Miami. Basement flooding resulted in many fires and explosions.
Further downstream along the Butler and Hamilton County line, the town of Venice (present-day Ross, Ohio) was almost entirely submerged. The total flood damage exceeded $944,000 (over $10 Million in 2024).
Fatalities: Diana Meek, of Venice, drowned as a boat taking her family to safety overturned.
An Unforgettable Flood
The American Red Cross reported that 132 houses were destroyed, 2,415 had major damage, and 14,535 had minor damage. By far the greatest amount of the total damage occurred in Ohio. Other states affected were Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and New York. Although the 1913 flood was more damaging, more communities were affected in 1959.
The flooding in many areas may be separated into two major categories – overflow of the rivers and streams and inadequate city stormwater facilities, which caused many flooded basements throughout Ohio.
Broken and overtopped levees and floodwalls in Mount Vernon, Columbus, Chillicothe, Zanesville, Newark, and Reading (near Cincinnati) caused widespread flooding and evacuations. The Civil Defense estimated that 21 utility plants or services were out of service.
In Southwest Ohio, the town of Foster (southwest Warren County, near Loveland) was completely flooded to the first floor of all the buildings, and the town of Ross (near Fairfield) was almost completely submerged.
A total of 167 reptiles - the entire reptile collection - at the Cleveland Zoo drowned when a basement flooded in less than 10 minutes. The zoo took 33 years to recover and did not get another permanent reptile collection until 1992.
The flood damage was so great in the Village of Hebron in Licking County that the Board of County Commissioners passed a resolution authorizing allowing contact with a U.S. Representative to appropriate federal funds to complete flood control projects within a few days after the flood.
Key river gage locations and how the 1959 flood crest compared to 1913. River gages where the 1959 flood was within the top 3 highest crests were chosen. Most Great Miami basin points not included, as the river channel was modified between the 1913 and 1959 floods.
Association of State Floodplain Managers, Interview with Mayor Jerry Piasecki
"Every road in our county is damaged." Montgomery County Engineer at Dayton (Courtesy of Ohio History Connection. The Coschocton Tribune. 1/22/1959)
Click on the arrow on the right of the images to see more pictures.
"The flood of January-February 1959 has passed into history. Memories of terror, hardship, damage and overwhelming loss, however linger in many minds." (Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Preliminary Report)
"I guess it almost had to be that way. He was always doing things for others. He died helping others."
"The lakes and dams of the Muskingum Valley Conservancy District have done a great deal to reduce flood damage in southeastern Ohio, but..."
"We are considerably discouraged at the extend of the Damage we have witnessed, but we are encouraged by the example of cooperation we have found." Gov. Michael V. DiSalle (Courtesy of Ohio History Connection. The Coschocton Tribune. 1/22/1959)
Click on the arrow on the right of the images to see more pictures.
"These disasters have a way of bringing out the best in people. Differences which exist disappear as almost completely washed away by the flood waters." (Courtesy of Ohio History Connection. Special Message on Flood Disaster)
Newark Flood Marker
Local business leaders erected a marker in Newark to remember the 1959 flood's high water mark . It was dedicated in June, 1962 where it stood until 2016. It has since been restored and returned to its original location.
Photos
Northwest Ohio
Findlay, OH
Northeast Ohio
Shaker Heights, OH
Central Ohio
Powell, OH - O'Shaughnessy Dam
Griggs Dam, Scioto River Columbus, OH
Columbus, OH
Union County, OH
Licking County, Ohio
Outside of Circleville, OH
Gambier, OH
Southwest Ohio
1959 MCD Photos Web Map
Dayton, OH
Dayton, OH (cont.)
Then vs Now
Mitigating (reducing flood damage), monitoring, predicting and educating about flood hazards requires partnerships and collaboration. Regional, State and Federal agencies partner on ways to ensure future floods are not only well monitored and forecast, but that communities of Ohio are more flood resilient. We strive to educate Ohioans on being flood aware, not only where they live and work, but on their daily commute and during their everyday activities.
Here are some efforts that the Silver Jackets team of agencies have accomplished to ensure Ohio is more flood-ready than we were during the historic 1959 floods. We work as many partners, but serve as one team to ensure flood readiness and resiliency in Ohio.
Stream Monitoring (USGS):
Back in the 1950's the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) relied on equipment at the bottom of concrete structures for river stage readings. Data was recorded on charts, which couldn't be shared in real-time. Beginning in the 1990s, the USGS started to use satellite technology to transmit gage data every 4 hours. Widespread internet use in the late 1990's allowed data to be sent hourly. In the early 2000's, the USGS changed how river flows was measured and started using Doppler technology. More recently, radar (or non-contact) river stage sensors are being used along with cellular technology to disseminate data quicker and display visual images of the stream in near-real-time.
An example of a 1950s USGS gauge in a concrete gauge house relying on river intakes at the bottom of the structure.
An example of a USGS gauge today, using radar technology to measure river height.
Flood Mitigation (Ohio Emergency Management Agency):
The Ohio Emergency Management Agency (EMA) Mitigation Branch maintains the Mitigation Information Portal (MIP) . This website is a one stop shop for hazard mitigation in Ohio. The site contains structure level information for all FEMA funded mitigation projects in the state, as well as copies of the state and 88 local county hazard mitigation plans. As of March 2024, the mitigation projects in Ohio have reduced or eliminated risk for 1,595 structures preventing over $41 Million in estimated damages.
Several homes in the Whims Ditch area of Franklin County (defined in green) were acquired, keeping part of this flood prone area free of vulnerable structures. With help from pre-disaster mitigation funds (blue), as well as funding after a subsequent disaster in Ohio (red), many of the most flood-vulnerable properties are now removed from the floodplain.
Ohio EMA has mitigated repetitive loss properties around Ohio. The map to the right are just the efforts since 1992.
A zoomed in view shows mitigation locations in the Valley View area of Cuyahoga County. Valley View experienced severe flooding in 1959, with even higher Cuyahoga River floods in 2006 and 2011. Through mitigation efforts, flood losses are no longer as severe as in 1959.
Floodplain Management (Ohio Department of Natural Resources)
Ohio Department of Natural Resources’ (ODNR) Floodplain Management Program’s mission is to provide leadership to local governments, state agencies, and interested parties toward cooperative management of Ohio's floodplains to ensure the reduction of flood damage and the recognition of the floodplain's natural benefit. This is accomplished through technical assistance, public awareness, education, and implementing standards. ODNR’s Floodplain Management Program was created in the early 1970’s and continues to support over 750 Ohio communities in their work to reduce local flood risk.
National Flood Insurance Program (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
Recognizing that flooding was a problem for the nation goes back as early as 1913, when a major flood in the Ohio River Valley took the lives of more than 400 people and caused over $200m of property damage. Before 1955, no more than eight communities in the United States had enacted floodplain zoning ordinances.
The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) . In Ohio, the city of Vermilion was the first community to enter the NFIP on May 5, 1970. Now, 752 Ohio communities participate in the NFIP and have adopted floodplain management regulations. Nationwide, 22,000 communities participate in the National Flood Insurance Program and have adopted ordinances that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP floodplain management regulations.
Heavy Rainfall Monitoring and Flood Notification (National Weather Service) :
In 1959, WWII era Weather Radars were still being deployed across the U.S., with much of Ohio not covered. Early radars did not estimate precipitation well.
Early radars covered just a fraction of the country and were geared toward tornado/severe storm monitoring. Precipitation estimation was quite poor.
Today, National Weather Service Radars are a robust network with continually improving hardware and software allowing for real-time estimations of precipitation.
Increased radar monitoring and improved precipitation estimates are critical in today's flash flood and river flood monitoring, forecasting and warning. This allows for increased flood preparation time. NOAA Multi Radar/Multi Sensor data
River Forecasting (National Weather Service):
River forecasting was much different in 1959. River Forecast Centers were still in their youth, and computer models were decades away from becoming operational. River forecasting was performed by hand, using routing tables, slide rules, and adding machines. Forecasts did not incorporate future precipitation.
Once a day issued forecasts via teletype, only providing a single daily river level. Supportive data going into the forecasts was extremely limited.
Today, thousands of rainfall reports are gathered around the Ohio Valley in a matter of minutes. NWS Radars help track observed precipitation. Computers calculate and track soil moisture, reservoir operations, snowfall/snowmelt, temperatures, and rainfall, both observed and forecasted.
Radar/Rain gauge inputs, multiple updates per day, as needed, as well as mobile-friendly graphical river forecasts are now the norm. NWS River Forecasting Page
Gone are the days of once daily crest forecasting. Now, river forecasts include expected river stages every 6 hours, and in some cases 1-hour time steps, extending 5-10 days in the future. Flood inundation mapping, or tracking the extent of flood waters on a map, is the next stage of river forecasting that the NWS and associated partners are currently tackling.
Flood Protection
There are a total of 144 dams and secondary structures in Ohio for flood risk reduction. A secondary structure is a structure that was built to alleviate flood risk caused by the construction of the primary structure. More information on these structures can be found on the National Inventory of Dams website .
There are 147 levee/floodwalls systems in Ohio for 192 miles of flood protection with an average age of 38 years. More information on these systems can be found on the National Levee Database website .
The Miami Conservancy District
In Southwest Ohio, the Miami Conservancy District (MCD) flood protection system was completed and operational in 1922 as a direct result of the Great 1913 Flood. The integrated system protects 22 cities, 5 counties, and 18 townships , and provides multiple benefits.
The Miami Conservancy District Protection System provides flood risk reduction benefits.
In 1959, the Miami Conservancy District dry dam system stored over 44.8 Billion gallons of water , preventing additional downstream flooding. Without the dams, it is estimated that some of the communities downstream would have had water levels about 8 feet higher.
Swipe to see the Miami Conservancy District depiction of Huffman Dam storing floodwater for downstream communities during the 1959 flooding in blue on the left compared to no floodwater storage on the right. Dry dams like Huffman Dam are normally dry and only store floodwater after heavy rainfall .
Today, the January 1959 event remains the maximum storage volume observed by the system at only 16.4% of storage used .
The Miami Conservancy District depiction of the 5 dry dams and storage capacity used during the 1959 flooding.
As a direct result of the 1959 flooding, communities outside the flood protection system asked the Miami Conservancy District to provide protection leading to an expansion of the system. An additional 12 miles of levees were constructed to protect new areas such as Coleman Plat in Miamisburg shown below.
Swipe to see the Miami Conservancy District depiction of Coleman Plat 1959 flood inundation in blue on the left and Coleman Plat levee protected area today in red on the right.
Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District
The Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD) was created in 1933 and is the largest conservancy district in Ohio. MWCD covers one-fifth of the State of Ohio and provides flood reduction and water conservation benefits to more than two million residents in an 18-county area.
In 1959, MWCD had 14 dams and reservoirs. The 1959 flood resulted in one of the greatest floods the district had ever experienced. Swelled streams and tributaries surpassed flood records including those set by the summer flood of 1935 and several set by the Great Flood of 1913. The 1959 flood level remains the record at Pleasant Hill Reservoir.
Total damage in the Muskingum River Watershed exceeded all other major river basins. The total flood damage was approximately $23 million, equivalent to nearly $244 Million in 2024. Despite the new flood records and damages, the system of dams and reservoirs prevented an estimated $20.6 million, equivalent to over $218 Million in 2024 in potential property damage and saved countless lives.
Since the Flood of 1959, North Branch of Kokosing Dam (above Mount Vernon) and Dillion Dam (above Zanesville) were added into MWCD's system. They have played a significant role in flood mitigation.
MWCD maintains a strong relationship with the US Army Corps of Engineers to reduce flooding in the Muskingum River Basin. MWCD administers the Partners in Watershed Management (PWM) Project Assistance Program in an effort to support flood reduction and mitigation efforts, as well as conservation and water quality programs throughout the district. Since it's inception in 2009, this program has awarded over $12 million to nearly 200 projects in all 18 counties within MWCD. MWCD is committed to being responsible stewards dedicated to providing the benefits of flood reduction in the Muskingum River Watershed.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
In January 1959, the US Army Corps of Engineers owned and operated 32 dams and secondary structures for flood risk control. There were 9 active US Army Corps of Engineers authorized floodwalls/levees.
Since 1959, 21 US Army Corps of Engineers dams and secondary structures have been constructed. The US Army Corps of Engineers now own and operate 53 dams and secondary structures for flood risk control. Seventeen US Army Corps of Engineers authorized floodwalls/levees have been built since 1959 for a total of 26.
Alum Creek Dam, Deer Creek Dam, Paint Creek Dam and the levee around part of Chillicothe were authorized by Congress in the Flood Control Act of 1962 in response to the flood of 1959. By the mid-1980's the four dams had reduced flood damages in the Scioto Basin by $141 million.
An estimated $722 billion in flood damages were prevented by US Army Corps of Engineers infrastructure in Ohio in 2021, according to the Annual Flood Damage Report to Congress.
Inundation Maps
An Inundation map shows flooding that could result from a river flooding its banks or a hypothetical failure of a dam or levee. The maps below show how the flood control structures will help to keep flooding at bay compared to 1959.
USGS depiction of the Chillicothe flood inundation, compared to the US Army Corps of Engineers levee protected area today.
USGS depiction of the Columbus flood inundation, compared to the US Army Corps of Engineers levee protected area today.
USGS depiction of the Freemont flood inundation, compared to the US Army Corps of Engineers levee protected area today.
Flood Safety
Flooding is one of nature's greatest weather dangers. Just in the past 30 years (1994-2023), over 2600 people have died in floods, with floods also causing more damage than any other severe weather hazard. While flooding of homes and businesses occurs every year, the greatest cause of flood deaths is driving through a flooded roadway. ( https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/).
More than half of all flood deaths occur in vehicles. Year after year people risk their lives, the lives of their passengers, AND the lives of rescue personnel by ignoring barricades or driving into flood waters. Even if you've driven on a road many times, you may not be aware of how deep the water is, or if some of the pavement has been washed away. When you drive on a flooded road, you’re not only putting your own life at risk, but also the lives of rescuers. Some of the flood deaths in 1959 were rescuers attempting to reach people who did not evacuate early enough.
It is crucial to know when you are threatened by flooding. Be weather aware when heavy rain occurs, especially if you are near a stream or in a low area that doesn't drain easily. Have multiple ways to receive flood watches and warnings, such as from local media, NOAA weather radio, and trustworthy apps on your phone. Both FEMA and The American Red Cross have weather safety notification apps.
Sources
Resources
- State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water. Flood Control in Ohio. Columbus, OH, 1959.
- State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water. Floods in Ohio Magnitude and Frequency Bulletin 32. Columbus, OH, 1959.
- State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water. Floods of January-February 1959 in Ohio Summary of Flood Stages & Discharges Bulletin 35. Columbus, OH, 1961.
- United States Department of the Interior. Floods of 1959 in the United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1750 A. Washington, DC, 1964.
- State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water. Meteorology of Floods in Ohio January, 1959 February, 1959.
- State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Water. Preliminary Report of Floods in Ohio January, 1959 February, 1959. Columbus, OH, 1959.
- Ohio History Connection
- Ohio Memory. https://ohiomemory.org/
- Association of Floodplain Managers. "Interview with Mayor Jerry Piasecki". YouTube Video. 1:56. May 21, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Iyc_-VDERE
- Blanchard, Lorna Jarrett. "1959 - Jan 21-24, Heavy Ran, Flash Floods, Flooding, OH/17, IN/2-3, PA/3, NY9-31-32". "Deadliest American Disasters and Large-Loss-of-Life Events". March 1, 2024. https://www.usdeadlyevents.com/1959-jan-21-24-heavy-rain-flash-floods-flooding-oh-17-in-2-3-pa-3-ny-9-31-32/ .
- "PHOTOS: When flood control dams prevented greater disaster in 1959". Dayton Daily News. March 1, 2024. https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/photos-when-flood-control-dams-prevented-greater-disaster-in-1959/I7L3ENUYBZF5RJQFJTS6BR5VFY/
- Associate of State Floodplain Managers, Understanding and Managing Flood Risk: A Guide For Elected Officials https://floodsciencecenter.org/products/elected-officials-flood-risk-guide/
- A Chronology of Major Events Affecting The National Flood Insurance Program - The American Institutes for Research, The Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Deloitte & Touche LLPDecember 2005 - https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nfip_eval_chronology.pdf
- A Brief History of the NFIP, October 2023. https://agents.floodsmart.gov/articles/brief-history-nfip
- A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program: Congressional Research Service, January 31, 2024, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/homesec/IF10988.pdf
- FEMA Community Status Book: Ohio https://www.fema.gov/cis/OH.pdf
Links
- USGS Current Water Data for Ohio. https://waterdata.usgs.gov/oh/nwis/rt
- Ohio Emergency Management Agency https://ema.ohio.gov/home
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources https://ohiodnr.gov/
- National Weather Service https://www.weather.gov/
- Miami Conservancy District https://www.mcdwater.org/
- Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District https://www.mwcd.org/
- South Licking Conservancy District https://slwcd.org/
- US Army Corps of Engineers Great Lakes and Ohio River Division Water Management https://www.lrd.usace.army.mil/Water-Information/Water-Management/
- USDA https://www.usda.gov/
- FEMA https://www.fema.gov/
Partners
This project was made possible through Silver Jackets.
What is Silver Jackets ?
Silver Jackets are state-led teams comprised of federal, state, and local agencies, and sometimes tribal governments, working towards reducing flood risk within the United States and the US territories. By applying their shared knowledge, the teams enhance preparedness, mitigation, and response and recovery efforts when such events do occur.
