To GHz & Beyond
Are you ready for Terahertz & Free Space Optical Networks?
Urban and Wide Area Coverage
Urban- 7.5 cm resolution, 900+ cities
Wide- 7.5-20cm resolution, 99% population coverage
Data Sets used for this Analysis
True Ortho
- No distortion (building lean), color balanced, top-down
- Insight for rooftops and property surroundings
- 7.5cm resolution
- Part of Urban collection program
Elevate
- Digital Surface Models
- Digital Terrain Models
- Wide and Urban programs
Multispectral Imagery
- Near-infrared channel on camera sensors
- Optimal for classification on vegetation and fire risk
- Wide and Urban Programs
Line of Sight Use Cases
Microwave
Microwave LOS Qualification
- 7.5cm resolution
- Reduce truck rolls / tower climbs
- 11GHz medium distance haul
- ~1 Gbps Capacity
- Identify exact cause of obstruction
- Trees in this case.
- Overlay of MW Fresnel zone calculations on San Francisco Textured Mesh. (Due to recent updates in Mesh Host, This visulization no longer shows an underlay Mesh. We are working on updating the source)
- San Francisco Mesh built from Vexcel Data using SURE for ArcGIS.
- Investigate locations with challenges in the design phase.
- Eliminate costly mistakes in deployments.
- Manual Planning
- 1 week with site access and visits.
- ~$3000 qualification expense per link.
- Not scalable to large number of links.
- Using Vexcel Data:
- 1 hour to download and process data.
- No scale limit.
DSM vs Multispectral Fresnal Zone
- LOS obstruction in Fresnel zone detected from miles away
- Identify cause of obstruction using Multispectral
- Slider allows you to compare obstruction on DSM vs Multispectral and hence identify the cause of obstruction
Free Space Optics
Free Space Optics LOS Qualification
- 7.5cm resolution DSM used
- Reduce truck rolls / cower climbs
- Medium distance haul
- 10 - 20 Gbps capacity
- 3 km hop distance
Multispectral vs DSM
FSO LOS Multispectral
- Identify cause of obstruction using Multispectral foliage vs building imagery
FSO LOS DSM
- No LOS obstruction due to foliage
- Much narrower clearance required
Terragraph
Terragraph Overview
- 7.5 cm resolution DSM used
- 60GHz mesh technology
- ~200m range
- ~2 Gbps link capacity
- High density pole/roof top mount
DSM vs Multispectral
Terragraph LOS DSM
- Fresnel zone obstructions identified
- All combinations of sites tested
Terragraph LOS Multispectral
- Identify cause of obstruction using multispectral
- Foliage vs building imagery
Terragraph LOS
- Links with obstructions are removed from the mesh plan
Is this Scalable?
Of Course!
- 11,574 street poles.
- 145,672 links analyzed
- 63,582 with no Fresnel blockage
- LOS calculation done at 15cm resolution using 7.5cm resolution data from Vexcel
- An hour of compute time on a laptop
Massive IOT Use cases
- High-resolution data enables massive IOT use cases.
- Companies planning large scale network using these techniques for Lampost based deployments.
- Large Scale Street Pole on San Francisco Textured Mesh.
- San Francisco Mesh built from Vexcel Data using SURE for ArcGIS.
All links with LOS
All links with LOS
Links around Alamo Square
All links with LOS
POP location near Alamo Square
Propogation using Multispectral
Multispectral Imagery
- Near-infrared channel on camera sensors
- Optimal for classification of vegetation
- Wide and Urban Programs
Calculate NDVI
- Identify vegetation by combining data from NIR and Red Band
- DSM used to determine height of NDVI
- NDVI above LOS grid represents obstruction
Foliage Propagation Loss using Multispectral Data
Distance traversed through Foliage
- Compute cumulative distance traveled through foliage to grid, 2m above ground
- The distance and frequency band together are used to calculate foliage pathloss
Foliage Pathloss
- Foliage pathloss calculated at 24GHz
- Multispectral imagery from Vexcel allows us to accurately account for foliage losses allowing us to separate it out from other pathloss components
5G Propogation
Pathloss using High-Res Data from Vexcel at 39GHz
Free Space Path Loss
- Free Space pathloss dependent on frequency and distance
- Oxygen loss for 60GHz Bands
Foliage Loss
- Foliage identified using NDVI to separate from man made obstructions
- Dependent on frequency and distance traversed through foliage
Building Loss
- Losses due to exterior wall penetration and distance traversed indoors
- Frequency, distance and construction material dependent
Total Path Loss
- Sum of all losses
- Free Space Loss
- Oxygen Loss
- Foliage Loss
- Building Loss
What's the correct resolution for propogation modeling?
Data resolution choice is driven by frequency band. It's easy to procure data at high-res and use it for all use cases. Data resolution should be a close multiple of wavelength.
6G
- Freq: 95 GHz
- Wavelength: 0.3cm
- Simulation resolution: 10cm
- 5cm data on demand from Vexcel for Urban Region.
5G
- Freq: 39 GHz
- Wavelength: 1cm
- Simulation resolution: 20cm
- 15cm data on demand from Vexcel Nationwide.
4G
- Freq: Sub 6GHz
- Wavelength: 5cm
- Simulation resolution: 100cm
- 15cm data on demand from Vexcel Nationwide.
3G
- Freq: Sub 2.1GHz
- Wavelength: 15cm
- Simulation resolution: 500cm
- 15cm data on demand from Vexcel Nationwide.
Data resolution choice is driven by frequency band
It's easy to procure high-res data and apply it for all use cases
Coverage Visualization 2m above ground
- 96GHz Coverage
- 10cm resolution data
- 39GHz Coverage
- 20cm resolution data
- 2.1 GHz Coverage
- 100cm resolution data
- 2.1 GHz Coverage
- 500cm resolution data
Optimal Planning Requires High-Res Data from Vexcel
- Single source for nation-wide coverage
- 7.5cm - 20 cm DSM to identify obstrucitions
- Multispectral imagery for site placement and foliage detection
- Minimize deployment costs by accurately modeling/selecting sites
- Eliminate majority of initial site visits for measurement / inspection
