
Biodiversity
What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the variety of life, be that plants, animals, fungi or micro-organisms, as well as the communities they form and the habitats in which they live. It is essential for people, providing vital services like clean water, carbon storage, underpinning our health and wellbeing and for the intrinsic value of iconic species like salmon or kingfisher.
Ecosystems with high biodiversity can more efficiently recycle water, oxygen and carbon and contain a thriving community of species. Enhancing biodiversity, for example by creating farmland buffer strips along watercourses, can protect our raw water resources and boost resilience to flooding.
What is Yorkshire Water doing for Biodiversity?
Under a developing corporate Biodiversity Strategy, Yorkshire Water holds the following four long term aspirations for biodiversity:
- To achieve a net gain to biodiversity through our operations.
- To improve the ecological resilience of our rivers and catchments.
- To give a strong voice to nature in our decision making.
- To help customers engage with their river and surrounding natural ecosystems.
Our work is delivered in close collaboration with our Biodiversity Advisory Group. The Biodiversity Advisory Group, is a group of external stakeholders who support our understanding of biodiversity issues and the development of informed and balanced policy making and investment. They offer advice, guidance and constructive criticism to us, to help ensure that we are implementing our statutory obligations in a way that aligns with regional plans restoring and enhancing biodiversity. The group comprises of representatives from Rivers Trusts, Wildlife Trusts and CaBA Partnerships across our operational area.
Below we summarise some of the ways in which we are delivering against these aspirations.
Funding to External Partners
Key highlights of Yorkshire Water's Biodiversity Enhancement Programme
Yorkshire Water frequently partners with other organisations and provides funding where there are positive outcomes for biodiversity. This is through closely working with third parties, either directly, or through our external Biodiversity Enhancement Programme, where we work with others to undertake projects which can help to achieve one of the following aspirations:
- To achieve a positive benefit to priority habitats and/or species in Yorkshire Water's operational area.
- To help improve the ecological resilience of rivers and catchments in Yorkshire.
- To help Yorkshire Water customers to engage with their river.
An independent impact evaluation report has been compiled to summarise achievements of the Biodiversity Enhancement Programme which can be accessed by clicking here .
Below are examples of projects that we have funded with third parties with links for further information:

Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
As part of the YWT Living Seas project Yorkshire Water funded the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust to engage people through a "Wild about Rockpools" event. The event included a family friends discovery event at Runswick Bay to raise awareness of the wonder of local rockpools and marine wildlife. The project also supported the delivery of a training day at the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Flamborough Living Seas Centre, a provision of basic kit for rock pooling for volunteers and funding to support their expenses.

North York Moors National Park Authority - Blue Corridors
North York Moors National Park Authority - Blue Corridors. Click to expand.
This project (2020 – 2023) will help restore key landscape functions/ecological processes of the two main river corridors – Esk and Rye - within the North York Moors National Park, by:

Esk and Coastal Streams Catchment Partnership
Esk and Coastal Streams Catchment Partnership. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water are working closely with members of the Catchment Partnership such as the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA), the NYMNPA and the Environment Agency, to support the aims of the Esk Pearl Mussel Strategy by funding water quality monitoring, infrastructure upgrades and habitat conservation work, as well as the captive breeding of mussels at the FBA’s Windermere facility.

Yorkshire Dales National Park
Yorkshire Dales National Park. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Yorkshire Dales National Park for the "Tees-Swale: naturally connected" project. The match funding allowed job roles to be filled, restoration and enhancement to a range of habitats to occur including the creation of wetland scrapes and ponds, 12 ha of hay meadow to be restored, as well as hedgerow restoration and tree planting. The funding also allowed training for farmers, volunteer training sessions and educational days for schools and youth groups. For further information please click here.

Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust
Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
At a number of sites a long the River Wharfe Yorkshire Water provided funding for the Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust to undertake various habitat enhancements.

Lower Ure Conservation Trust (LUCT)
Lower Ure Conservation Trust (LUCT). Click to expand.
Between 2020 and 2025, Yorkshire Water have provided funding to the LUCT to support their ongoing activities to restore wetland habtiats along the River Ure. This has enabled them to employ a project officer as well as contribute towards their capital works and to create 20ha of wetland including fen habitat and expand their existing plant nursery.

Freshwater Habitats Trust and Nidderdale AONB
Freshwater Habitats Trust and Nidderdale AONB. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding for amphibian and water quality pond surveys to be organised by the Freshwater Habitats Trust and Nidderdale AONB. 17 sites were found to have toads which previously had not been recorded. Despite its name the Common Toad is now 'at risk' in England and Wales having suffered a 68% decline in the last 30 years. More than 60 people signed up to survey pons, lakes and reservoirs. They were given training to identify different species of amphibians, carry out water quality testing and submit their data. 118 countryside ponds over 58 sites were then surveyed.

Nidderdale AONB
Nidderdale AONB. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding towards the Nidderdale AONB Wild Watch project. This is where a targeted list of 76 species of plants and animals were selected by the AONB and local naturalists groups, for surveys both to understand their distribution and scarcity, and also to help train the next generation of citizen scientists. Habitat Suitability Models were then made to identify priority areas where they could improve and potentially create new habitat for the targeted species.

North Yorkshire Crayfish Forum (NYCF)
North Yorkshire Crayfish Forum (NYCF). Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water have funded a part-time project officer from 2021 to 2025 to work with the partners of the NYCF to create and implement a strategy and delivery plan to protect the white-clawed crayfish. The project officer has also created a volunteer group of surveyors, provided training and carry out surveys and monitoring to improve the baseline data of crayfish in North Yorkshire. In addition the funding has allowed materials such as landowner guides and pocket guides for identification of different crayfish species with information on biosecurity.

Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust
Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust (YDMT) is a small charity supporting the people, landscape and wildlife of the Yorkshire Dales and surrounding areas.

Open Country
Open Country. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water have funded Open Country in 2020 and 2022 so that they can enable people with disabilities to access and enjoy the countryside.

NEYEDC
NEYEDC. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water have provided funding for surveys to be undertaken on fungi grassland specifically for waxcaps. NEYEDC, with the support of local experts, aims to create a register of key fungi grassland sites, initially in North and East Yorkshire, using trained volunteer surveyors to undertake surveys. This work has supported other work Yorkshire Water are undertaking alongside the National Trust, to survey waxcap fungi across West Yorkshire.

Wild Trout Trust
Wild Trout Trust. Click to expand.
From 2016 to 2018 the Wild Trout Trust undertook enhancement works across seven sites funded by Yorkshire Water. The seven sites included East Riddlesden Hall, Killinghall, Wetherby, Embsay, Cock Beck and Thornton Beck.

Wild Trout Trust - Tackling Resilience On Underperforming Tributaries (TROUT) programme
Wild Trout Trust - Tackling Resilience On Underperforming Tributaries (TROUT) programme. Click to expand.
The project focusses on improving spawning and nursery habitat for brown trout, a priority species under the UK post-2010 Biodiversity Framework, but the wider ecological improvements associated with each project component such as restoration of the riparian fringe will benefit multiple priority species such as reed bunting, common lizard, common toad, otter, water vole and hare.

East Yorkshire Rivers Trust
East Yorkshire Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
The Trust used funding from Yorkshire Water to build on work already planned under an Environment Agency grant on the River Seven at Sinnington. Flow deflectors and tree kickers have been installed as well as small areas of trees felled to allow sunlight to reach the riverbed.

RSPB
RSPB. Click to expand.
Yorkshire water provided funding to the RSPB at Bempton Cliffs to grow a new arable bird crop. The crop is specifically for birds over winter and will encourage certain species of farmland birds in decline such as yellowhammers, linnet, grey partridge, corn buntings and reed buntings.

St Nick's
St Nick's. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to St Nick's Environment Centre in York to undertake river corridor enhancement works. The funding went towards 0.5 acre of marginal habitat improved by marginal planting to improve and increase habitat for spawning fish and toads and improve water quality. 3.5 acre of woodland will also be improved by thinning previous unmanaged woodland to restore understorey, plant trees and plant woodland bulbs.

Grow Wild York
Grow Wild York. Click to expand.
Grow Wild York is a Community Interest Company (CIC) which means they are a not for profit social enterprise. Grow Wild CIC are a community Hub and work in partnership with other charitable organisations who use our outdoor facilities to support people with dementia, brain injury and other additional needs.

Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust . Click to expand.
Funding through Yorkshire Water allowed match funding to be secured from Natural England and Yorkshire Wildlife Trust for restoration works to Skerne Wetlands.

Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
Funding from Yorkshire Water (as well as the Environment Agency and Natural England) allowed a straightened section of the Driffield Trout Stream to go back to its formerly meandering channel. Bank stabilisation and protection were also installed along section of the re-worked channel including hazel bundles. The works took place over 2 years

Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water have recently provided funding to the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust to continue with trialling of Nofence collars. Nofence collars allow domestic grazing animals to mimic wild grazing herds to range graze across 75ha of floodplain meadows to improve habitat for botanical and lowland wader populations. The area that they graze is controlled by an app and can be easily changed. This saves a lot of money on fencing, allows new areas to be grazed and positively benefits a large range of habitats and species as a result.

Derwent Catchment Partnership
Derwent Catchment Partnership. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of the Derwetn Catchment Partnership for enhancement works across three of their sites. This included scrape creation at Low Carr, scrape desilting and restoration at Barmby and 2 scrapes created at Wheldrake Ings. Tree pollarding was also undertaken as well as reducing invasive non-native species and sediment upstream of the site.

Woodmeadow Trust
Woodmeadow Trust. Click to expand.
Woodmeadow Trust is a pioneering Yorkshire charity, creating and inspiring dynamic and productive woodmeadows for nature and people by 1) leading by example at their exemplar flagship site Three Hagges Woodmeadow and 2) supporting and educating others to plant and restore their own woodmeadow projects, the Woodmeadow Network.

Friends of the Lower Derwent Valley
Friends of the Lower Derwent Valley. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to Friends of the Lower Derwent Valley to support their creation and management of reedbeds along the River Derwent.

iWharfe
iWharfe. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water was one of many funders to iWharfe to undertake water monitoring to understand how polluted the River Wharfe was and understand if the area was suitable for swimming and paddling.

Friends of Ilkley Moor
Friends of Ilkley Moor. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to Friends of Ilkley Moor to work on moorland habitat enhancements of around 20 hectares of Ilkley Moor. A total of 300 volunteer hours were spent undertaking vegetation management around the lower tarn, drainage ditch repairs and bank stabilisation, bracken control, horsetail plant and coniferous tree removal and sphagnum moss planting.

Wild Trout Trust - Love for Lothersdale Beck
Wild Trout Trust - Love for Lothersdale Beck. Click to expand.
Lothersdale Beck was formerly achieving good ecological status, but this is now moderate and is declining due to poor land management practices. In addition, the fish community is fragmented by several structures, the furthest downstream of which is a perched ford adjacent to Yorkshire Water’s sewer treatment works. Climate change scenarios for Yorkshire predict increasing frequency and duration of winter storm events, and prolonged drier spells during summer, so this project aims to increase headwater resilience. The project will seek to deliver this through tree planting, river restoration, meadow creation and fish passage improvements.

University of Hull
University of Hull. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding towards the 'Motus' project ran by the University of Hull. The project will install a trio of passive 'Motus' receivers at Tophill Low Nature Reserve, the Deep in Hull and RSPB Bempton Cliffs, which will link up with a receiver already present. The University of Hull will deploy miniature tags onto key breeding and migratory bird species including reed and sedge warbles, blackcaps and yellow-browed warblers supplementing those existing. Their movements will be tracked to understand their migration. For more information please click here.

Beacon Lagoons Little Tern Project
Beacon Lagoons Little Tern Project. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water were one of a number of funders to the Beacon Lagoons Little Tern Project. Beacon Lagoons is the only colony of little terns in Yorkshire. Funding went towards fencing, preparing the site for them such as clearing litter, installing platforms and monitoring the population through nest monitoring and ringing individual birds.

Aire Rivers Trust
Aire Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water has funded the removal of two barriers to fish passage on Loadpit Beck, unlocking an additional 600m of habitat connectivity. Additionally funding will allow the removal of Himalayan Balsam along a continuous section of beck.

Rodley Nature Reserve
Rodley Nature Reserve. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding and technical assistance to redevelop the duck marsh at Rodley Nature Reserve. The work is to improve habitat diversity for wetland species in the hope new species such as little ringed plover, common tern among other passage birds will be attracted to the area.

Catchment Based Approach - The Aire, Don and Calder Catchment Partnerships
Catchment Based Approach - The Aire, Don and Calder Catchment Partnerships. Click to expand.
Through Yorkshire Water’s commitment to working with Catchment Partnerships under the CaBA principles, we have provided core funding to the host organisations of the Calder, Don, and Aire Catchment Partnerships to employ a full time staff member. This has led not only to on the ground action on biodiversity, but the recruitment of citizen science volunteers and the winning of additional funding through government and private sector investment. To date around £8 has been realised by every £1 of YW investment.

Calder Rivers Trust
Calder Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water have funded the Calder Rivers Trust to undertake work across the Calder catchment, including floodplain reconnection, riparian habitat restoration and river channel re-naturalisation including weir bypass. Baseline surveys including habitat, river MoRPh, otter, water vole and CHEGD grassland fungi were undertaken prior to the works. The project will run from 2022 to 2027.

Don Catchment Rivers Trust
Don Catchment Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Don Catchment Rivers Trust in 2022. The funding has been primarily used to fund events, advisory visits, soil health monitoring, biodiversity surveys and project management as part of the Dearne Valley Farmer Cluster.

Yorkshire Wildlife Trust
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust funding to enhance sites across the Dearne Valley included Lundwood, Darton and Wombwell. The aim of the project was to maximise the value of the area across the Dearne Valley Network.

Riverlution by the River Stewardship Company, Friends of the Dearne and Denby Dale Parish Council
Riverlution by the River Stewardship Company, Friends of the Dearne and Denby Dale Parish Council . Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Rewilding the Dearne project. A section of fencing has been installed along the River Dearne to stop cattle poaching. 12 heather bales were installed into the tributary channel of the Dearne at Clayton West to create 4 semi-permeable dams to slow the flow during spate and divert run-off into riparian buffer strips and reduce nutrient run off. An area of wetland has also been installed as well as large woody debris installed to restore the river channel and tree planting.

River Holme Connections - River Resilience, Holme Catchment
River Holme Connections - River Resilience, Holme Catchment. Click to expand.
River Holme Connections is passionate about making the Holme catchment a better place for people and wildlife. With the help of dedicated volunteers, they work to improve biodiversity, tackle invasive non-native species, clean up green spaces, educate people about the importance of river ecosystems and improve recreational opportunities for the whole community. Yorkshire Water are supporting River Holme Connections with invasive species management, as well as providing funding to employ a river ranger and a number of year in industry students to help deliver improvements across the Holme catchment.

Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust
Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
The financial support from Yorkshire Water allowed the "Otterly Amazing!" project to go ahead as the final piece of the funding puzzle along with Wren Biodiversity Action Fund, Garfield Weston Foundation, Banister Charitable Trust and members of the public who donated to the ‘otters fundraising appeal’.

Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust
Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust to improve the quality of wildlife habitats at three sites on Rotherham's rivers, the Don and the Rother.

Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust - Rotherham Rivers
Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust - Rotherham Rivers. Click to expand.
Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust are delivering a strategically planned programme of habitat improvements on the River Rother and its tributaries between 2021 and 2027, with funding provided by the Environment Agency, Highways England and Yorkshire Water. Works include fish passage, floodplain reconnection and invasive species control.

Don Catchment Rivers Trust
Don Catchment Rivers Trust. Click to expand.
Yorkshire Water provided funding to the Don Catchment Rivers Trust to improve the ecological condition of Moss Brook by enhancing habitat quality and connectivity. This was achieved by:

Lea Brook Valley CIO
Lea Brook Valley CIO. Click to expand.
Lea Brook Valley is the name given to the green corridor surrounding Lea Brook within the developed area of the town of Dronfield, stretching for around a mile.
Habitats on our Land
Between 2021 and the end of 2024 we have undertaken surveys of our land holdings which equates to around 27,000ha. The surveys have been completed on around 24,000ha which is just below 90% of the total area. The work we have carried out encompasses recording of the habitats present in line with the UK Habitat Classification methodology and a condition assessment from the 3.1 DEFRA metric. These surveys will also allow us to recognise opportunities where enhancement or conservation can occur. As well as the data being shared directly with local authorities, ecological record centres and NGO groups. Below is the data that has been collected and managed up to March 2025. To view it as a web map please click here . Please note the following:
- All the data has been completed using the condition assessments from Metric 3.1 and these will not be updated for the time being due to the differences between the statutory metric and 3.1.
- The data has been collected using the UK Habitats Classification methodology Version 1, please note that changes between Version 1 and Version 2 may affect the habitat type.
- The minimum mapping units used for the surveys are as follows:
- Large scale – upland areas, 2500m2 or 50m linear.
- Medium scale – woodlands and hedgerows, 400m2, 20m length.
- Small scale – everything else e.g. grassland, 25m2 and 5m length.
- Not every metre of every land parcel has been surveyed.
- While every effort to record dry stone walls and fences has been made in some areas these will not be displayed due to high number and time associated with it.
- Data management is an ongoing process therefore not all survey data collected is displayed.
- Only areas under Yorkshire Water ownership are displayed.
- Please note while Yorkshire Water owns the land they may not be responsible for its management due to tenancies or third party rights.
- Some areas have been mapped from adjacent land or through desk study.
- Due to the additional training required and separate module of the metric condition assessments have not been undertaken for any watercourses including ditches.
- For any information regarding the data please contact biodiversity@yorkshirewater.co.uk
Yorkshire Water Baseline March 25
We also commission works to understand important protected species populations and their locations on our land. For example we have commissioned detailed reptile population surveys of land in the upper Nidd valley aiming to improve knowledge of the adder population in particular. The surveys have been undertaken between Summer 2022 and Spring 2023 and involved repeated walked transects at two of our reservoirs to visually record adders and other reptiles and monitoring at hibernation sites. Information on sightings from Nidderdale AONB, landowners and members of the public is also being collated and - along with the detailed survey information - will help us to establish the abundance and distribution of adders in the area, and plan future land management to benefit this declining reptile species.
Conservation and Enhancements
From understanding what we have present on our land allows us to understand opportunities for enhancement and conservation. Below are some examples of the work we have been undertaking.
Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) & Biosecurity
Yorkshire Water recognises the importance of biosecurity and as part of our commitments in AMP7 we will be providing training to staff to ensure that biosecurity is incorporated into our every day work.
Invasive non-native species (INNS) not only threaten our native wildlife through out-competing them for food and resources but to ensure that they are not spread or through damage to our assets costs us millions of pounds per year.
Yorkshire Water has been part of the steering group for the development of INNS Mapper as well as contributing funding. INNS mapper allows you to record where you have seen any as well as checking if any INNS are in a specific area as well as recording if any management is currently taking place for eradication or management. If you see any INNS please record them by clicking here .
Yorkshire Water works in collaboration with the University of Leeds including having placements students and providing unique opportunities for PhD students. We are currently involved with PhD work to understand INNS related sediment load in the Derwent catchment from Himalayan balsam and American signal crayfish. Furthermore, we are involved in PhD work to understand and mitigate the risk of INNS spread via raw water transfer operations.
Invasive zebra mussels encrusting operational pipework
We are also keen to advance our understanding of INNS and have been investigating the use of eDNA surveys for detecting INNS in waterways. The investigation has focussed on developing and/or integrating DNA based methods as a monitoring technique, focused on aquatic INNS on Yorkshire Water assets. We are working with the University of Hull to refine eDNA monitoring techniques for zebra mussels through a PhD. We have also contributed funding to the continued research and development of novel control methods for high risk INNS such as our collaboration with CABI on biocontrols of Australian swamp stonecrop and floating pennywort.
At Gouthwaite Reservoir (which is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest) a management plan for priority INNS will be developed. The management plan will take into consideration the designations placed on the site which is for the diversity of bird assemblage.
Fish Passage
Rodley Fish Pass
Yorkshire Water are committed to improving our rivers to improve the connectivity for biodiversity. Through working in Partnership with the Environment Agency, various Rivers Trusts and other charities we have undertaken a number of river restoration and fish passage projects which includes the removal of weirs or the installation of fish passes. Take a look at our River Health website and how fish passes are a part of this by clicking here .
Partnership working allows bigger and better results than one company can achieve. We have recently helped salmon to return to the River Don for the first time in 200 years (for more information please click here , here or for video please click here or here ). We have also funded the DNAire project which looks at improvements to the whole Aire catchment and not just those areas under our ownership.
We have completed 17 fish passage projects to date (since 2013) with over £15 million spent so far. The first fish pass to be installed was at the Yorkshire Water owned Rodley Nature Reserve in Leeds . With over 4000 barriers identified in Yorkshire using the Rivers Trust website there is still plenty of work to be done. We are continuing to expand our fish passage programme to realise the benefits of past and ongoing Yorkshire Water investment in improving river water quality.
Below are two examples of the before and after images of barrier removal and a map with the locations of some of our fish passage works with what has been done.
Gargrave pipe crossing before and after the barrier removal
Spruce Gill before and after the barrier removal

Tophill Eel and Fish Pass
Tophill Eel and Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2020 (AMP 6)

Lobwood Fish Pass
Lobwood Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2020 (AMP 6)

Silsden Fish Pass
Silsden Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2018 (AMP 6)

Ponden Fish Pass
Ponden Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed 2017 (AMP 6)

Esholt Fish Pass
Esholt Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2020 (AMP 7)

Rodley Fish Pass
Rodley Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed 2013 (AMP 5)

Eastwood Fish Pass
Eastwood Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2020 (AMP 6)

Salterhebble Fish Pass
Salterhebble Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2018 (AMP 6)

Langsett Fish Pass
Langsett Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2017 (AMP 6)

Wharncliffe Fish Pass
Wharncliffe Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2018 (AMP 6)

Niagra Fish Pass
Niagra Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed 2023 (AMP 7)

Jordans Fish Pass
Jordans Fish Pass. Click to expand.
Completed in 2018 (AMP6)