"A Web of Indebtedness"

Visualizing the Tangled Network of Credit & Debt in 18th-Century Dutchess County, NY

Elisabeth Tatum

01 / 17
Image: Poughkeepsie Journal, Feb. 16, 1786, pg 2.

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Dutchess County Ancient Documents Collection, 1727-1889. Dutchess County Clerk's Office. Poughkeepsie, New York.

Dutchess County Board of Supervisors Records, 1771-1779. Dutchess County Clerk's Office, Poughkeepsie, New York.

Poughkeepsie Journal. 1785-1844. Newspapers.com.

New York (Colony), Charles Z. Lincoln, William H. Johnson, and A. Judd Northrup, eds. The Colonial Laws of New York from the Year 1664 to the Revolution, Including the Charters to the Duke of York, the Commissions and Instructions to Colonial Governors, the Duke’s Laws, the Laws of the Dongan and Leisler Assemblies, the Charters of Albany and New York and the Acts of the Colonial Legislatures from 1691 to 1775 Inclusive. Lawbook Exchange ed. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exhange, 2011.

Secondary Sources

Beard, Mary Ritter. Woman as Force in History: A Study in Traditions and Realities. Macmillan, 1946.

Biemer, Linda Briggs. Women and Property in Colonial New York: The Transition from Dutch to English Law 1643-1727. Studies in American History and Culture, no. 38. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Research Press, 1983.

Coleman, Peter J. Debtors and Creditors in America: Insolvency, Imprisonment for Debt, and Bankruptcy, 1607-1900. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1974.

Dayton, Cornelia Hughes. “Turning Points and the Relevance of Colonial Legal History.” The William and Mary Quarterly 50, no. 1 (1993): 7–17.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2947232 .

———. Women Before the Bar Gender, Law, and Society in Connecticut, 1639-1789. 3rd ed. Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

Hunt, Margaret R. The Middling Sort: Commerce, Gender, and the Family in England 1680-1780. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Innes, Stephen. Labor in a New Land: Economy and Society in Seventeenth-Century Springfield. Princeton University Press, 2014.

Kerber, Linda K. Women of the Republic Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America. Chapel Hill: Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press, 1980.

Mann, Bruce H. Republic of Debtors. Harvard University Press, 2002.

Miller, Marla R. The Needle’s Eye: Women and Work in the Age of Revolution. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006.

Norton, Mary Beth. “The Myth of the Golden Age.” In Women of America: A History, edited by Carol Berkin and Mary Beth Norton, 37–47. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1979.

Paul, K. Tawny. The Poverty of Disaster: Debt and Insecurity in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History. Cambridge ; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Rosen, Deborah A. Courts and Commerce: Gender, Law, and the Market Economy in Colonial New York. Historical Perspectives on Business Enterprise Series. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1997.

Tatum III, William P. "Policies and Procedures Manual for Indexing the Ancient Documents Collection." Office of the Dutchess County Historian, 2020.

Ulrich, Laurel. A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812. 1st Vintage Books ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Network Visualization Code and Inspiration

Based on JR Ladd's [Marvel network example](https://observablehq.com/@jrladd/marvel-network)

Maeve Kane. “All One People and Under One King.” Maeve Kane.net, October 11, 2018.  https://maevekane.net/wmq-uc/ .

Elisabeth Tatum

"A Web of Indebtedness"