Texas Blind Salamander

The Texas blind salamander is an endangered species of aquatic salamander found only within the Edwards Aquifer in Central Texas. The Texas blind salamander lives in the aquifer underground, so it is blind and does not have eyes. Where most salamanders have eyes, the Texas blind salamander has two dark spots below the skin. They also don't have lungs. They breathe through their gills and grow to about 4-5 inches as adults.

The Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan (EAHCP) is a comprehensive, regional plan that defines how to protect threatened and endangered species that live in the Edwards Aquifer and the Comal and San Marcos springs in Central Texas. In 2013, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issued an Incidental Take Permit to the Edwards Aquifer Authority, City of San Marcos, City of New Braunfels, Texas State University, and the City of San Antonio acting by and through the San Antonio Water System (collectively known as the EAHCP Permittees) to protect the Covered Species. EAHCP water conservation measures and research help the Texas blind salamander and other the threatened and endangered Covered Species living in the Edwards Aquifer.

Texas blind salamanders are found within the underground caves, artesian springs and wells of the Edwards Aquifer. The first Texas blind salamanders were collected in 1895 from a well on what is now Texas State University campus in San Marcos, Texas.

The Texas blind salamander has no problem getting around in the dark. They sense waves or changes in water pressure to find prey and to make its way through the limestone caves.

EAHCP contractors collect biological monitoring data twice a year in spring and fall. Texas blind salamanders are also collected by USFWS staff at select caves and sampling wells. Below are a sampling video and picture provided by USFWS staff for you to observe Texas blind salamanders in their natural environment

The EAHCP Refugia Program ensures survival of the Covered Species during catastrophic events such as extreme drought or a chemical spill. In partnership with the USFWS, the EAHCP has two off-site refugia centers in San Marcos and Uvalde, Texas. USFWS staff collect the species and research what they eat and how they can live in captivity. This research improves our knowledge and understanding of these unique threatened and endangered species.

Where ever you live, water conservation is crucial to protecting aquatic species. You can help maintain their habitat by reducing your water use and properly disposing of hazardous products to keep them from entering the aquifer and contaminating the water supply. When visiting Comal or San Marcos springs in Central Texas, it is important to be mindful of the species environment, limit disturbance, and dispose of trash and aquarium pets properly. Below are some additional tips you can do to help.