ANALYSIS OF B71

 _{The hourly plot graph for Dublin shows that the common weather temperature is between the range of 6.3 to 18.1 degrees Celsius. According to the graph, the first couple months of the year are most commonly the coldest, temperatures often being from 5 to 6 degrees during the day. The hottest months are July and August. July and August have the hotter days on average, with temperatures being around 24 degrees at midday, during the warmer days.} 

 _{Tirana, being a southeastern European   city, has a more drastic temperature range than Dublin, it being colder during winter, especially during the nights, and warmer during the summer. January is Tirana’s coldest month with an average temperature of 6.5 degrees, 1 degree being the lowest and 12 degrees being the peak on average during the month. Dublin compares with an average of 5 degrees in January with 2 degrees being the average low and 8 degrees being the average peak. Tirana’s average peak temperature average for a month matches Dublin's hottest months (July and August), in April with both average peak temperatures being 20 degrees. Tirana’s hottest months are also July and August, with July having a higher average low temperature by 1 degree. The average peak temperature for both months is 31 degrees, with the lows being 18 degrees and 17 degrees respectively.}  

 _{The average temperature for July is 24.5 degrees and the average temperature for August is 23.5 degrees. Tirana has much more of a difference between its average temperatures than Dublin with the difference between the Irish low and peak being 9 degrees and it being 13.5 degrees in Tirana. The coldest time of day in the summer of Tirana is around 3 am whilst it is closer to 5 or 6 am in Dublin. The average temperature of Tirana is 15.5 degrees compared to 9.7 degrees in Dublin making Tirana on average 5.8 degrees or 59.8% hotter than Dublin. These graphs show us that Dublin has a more consistent temperature over the course of a day than Tirana, due to Dublin being farther away from the equator, thus sunlight has a less direct effect on the air temperature.} 

 _{Dublin’s wind speed direction varies a lot throughout the day, however, the actual wind speed doesn’t. The wind speed stays at a relative average for the majority of the day, around 2.1m/s on calm days and 15.7m/s on more gusty days. The majority of Dublin’s wind comes from the West-North-West to the South-South-West, it is also where the strongest wind comes from, and the least frequent wind direction is the North-North-West to East-North-East. The weakest wind direction is East-North-East to East-South-East, with an average wind speed of 4.07m/s. The Winter Months are the windiest with the highest wind speeds of 15.6m/s, these speeds are normally reached around 6 pm or 7 pm although the average wind speed is 8.85m/s. The summer months are the calmest with the later ⅓ of May having an average wind speed of 1.23m/s. The peak wind speed during these months is around 9.8m/s from noon to 4 p.m. The spring and autumn months are medium with an average of 6.825m/s. The windiest hours in Dublin find themselves in the range of 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.}  

 _{Tirana is far less windy than Dublin every month. The majority of Tirana’s wind comes around 12 pm to 8 pm, which is later than Dublin’s peak times. Tirana has a far more even spread of wind speed throughout the year with January being the least windy month with an average wind speed of 0.5m/s, the rest of the year is very consistent with the most consistent wind in February and December, the wind being the same for the entire day for a lot of both months. The average wind speed in Tirana is 1.8m/s, much lower than that of Dublin. This data shows that Tirana is a far less windy city than Dublin most likely due to it being a non-coastal city.} 

 _{The chart shows that Dublins’s average humidity is between 20% and 40%. The average temperature is between 15 and 2.5 degrees. The recommended comfort zone is between 20 and 25 degrees, this shows a need for heating buildings outside the summer months. It also shows that buildings should be equipped with a DPC in order to stop the formation of mould in buildings.} 

 _{Tirana has a larger common range than Dublin with the average humidity being between 20% and 60%, however it is more commonly between 20% and 30%. The average temperature is between 5 and 25 degrees showing a need for heating during the winter months and a possible need for cooling in the summer. Due to the increased humidity a DPC would be necessary, the same as in ireland. This data shows that due to the more drastic climate in Albania more systems would need to be in place to regulate the indoor climate of buildings.} 

 _{Shading analyses of a site or existing building help us to design spaces for optimal sunlight use, whether it be to increase solar gain or reduce it. Building 71 is low, cold, and dark, and mostly makes use of artificial light. Even so, lux levels are low, being an average of 160 lux with all of the lights turned on. For most functions it could be considered important to increase solar gain inside the building, making it a more versatile, sustainable, and healthy space} .

 _{It should be noted that these analyses are not entirely accurate due to the simplified geometry of the trees and buildings in the digital model. For the sake of getting a general idea of the direct sunlight access of the building, these simplified shading masks will suffice. For each face of the building, there are two shading masks – one (left) considering the building as it is and the other (right) considering the building without the surrounding trees. This is because almost all of these trees are deciduous, therefore their impact is diminished in the winter.} 

South West facade shading masks

 _{The South-West façade receives sunlight from roughly 10:30 until 15:30-16:00 in the summer. It has access to sunlight from around 10:00 until 15:40 on the equinoxes.} 

 _{It should be noted that many of these shadows are caused by trees surrounding the building. In this case, these are oak trees, meaning they are deciduous and the shadows caused by them would be reduced in the winter. The image on the right is a shading analysis of the same façade with the trees removed to get a better indication of the available sunlight in the winter.} 

 _{The building has access to direct sunlight from 13:30 to 15:30 in December, and on average from 10:00 until 16:00 through the winter.}  

North-West façade shading masks

 _{The North-West façade of the building has almost no access to direct sunlight until the afternoon year-round, stretching as late as 15:00 in both February and October and none at all in the winter. This is largely due to the orientation. Trees inhibit the sunlight access of this façade minimally in May, June and July at around 19:00, and in spring and autumn in the late afternoon to the early evening. Surrounding buildings, namely the restaurant building directly in front of B71, block sunlight around 19:00-20:00 from late spring to early autumn} .

North-East façade shading masks 

 _{The North-Eastern façade only has direct sunlight access in the morning because of its orientation and neighbouring buildings. A number of trees block sunlight until 7:00-7:30 in the morning. This has an effect from March until September and does not affect the winter months, so the trees being deciduous has little bearing on how much light is received. Nonetheless the shading mask on the right shows the same façade but with the trees removed. The effect of trees must be taken into consideration for each façade so that we can weigh the value of their presence near the building, or take them into account in our designs.} 

South-East façade shading masks

 _{The South-Eastern façade gets steady amounts of direct sunlight from just past 7:00 – 15:00 during the period between April and August. It is shaded by the Quinn School of Business, with vegetation causing minor shading in the early morning in the summer months, as well as in winter afternoons just after 15:00. Again, these trees are deciduous and would cause little shadow in the wintertime regardless.}  

 _{How can this information be used to increase the quantity of light in B71?} 

 _{The South-West Façade receives plenty of sunlight, but considering the shape of the building, creating an opening for light here will not increase the overall light levels of the building to a great extent. Opening the South-East façade is more beneficial – light is able to penetrate deeper into the building relative to the space and there is more room available to allow light in from. Ideally, any daylight-conscious intervention would involve opening this side. However, because the building is low, wide and shaded on all sides, the most beneficial thing would be to allow light in from above.} 

Intervention One

 _{Intervention One was inspired by Louis Kahn’s Exeter library. His roof light was designed to create interesting shadow play into the central void of the library, we wanted to test this design in building 71. However, with the help of a model and light analysis, we realized taking the roof light as it is and inserting it into Building 71 would not have the same effect. While the roof light adds visual value and creates an interesting architectural design, it does not significantly increase the amount of natural light entering Building 71.} 

Intervention Two

 _{Intervention Two was inspired by the Beyeler Foundation Museum. We created semi-opaque windows and filtered roof lighting similar to the two sets of filters found in the Beyler foundation, one filter allows northern light and the other filter diffuses the light. The filtering of natural zenithal light allows the light penetration to increase in the studio room of the building and therefore provides better work conditions for students.}  

 _{Dublin has a temperate oceanic climate which causes the prevailing weather conditions in Dublin to come with mild temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout all seasons. It is helpful to note that Ireland as a whole lacks in weather extremes compared to other countries at the same latitude. The only concern is that the interventions made to this building would not be used to their fullest potential due to May and June being the months with the longest hours of sunlight. During these months, exams have finished and the majority of students have left campus to travel or visit their families for the summer.}