Shatterbelt Regions

1. Shatterbelt regions are areas where the persistent splintering and fracturing happens and major powers compete for the influence. Sudan, Balkans (EU), East Timor, Catalonia and Spain are all shatterbelt regions because the regions are endangered with local conflicts in the states and countries. In all of these regions major world powers versus each other for resources.

Some international media outlets have described the events as "one of the worst political crises in modern Spanish history". Physical geography could be how Catalonia wanted independence from Spain because It strained the economy and has caused Spain to struggle and Catalonia also felt like it carried the weight of all of Spain's taxes. Cultural geography plays into the conflict also because Catalonia is a part of Spain, Catalonia is its own nation with its own language, anthem, parliament, and flag. Spain is a multinational state, and that can be one reason for the conflict between these two nations.  In the 2017-2018 Spanish Constitutional crisis was a conflict between the government of Spain and the government who is under the community of Catalonia until October 28th over Catalan independence. This started when the law intended to allow the 2017 Catalan Independence referendum was denounced by the Spanish government and suspended by the Constitutional Court until it ruled on the issue.

Other countries that did not join western nations had expressed that they do not recognize it as their own country leaders in Catalonia and do not use too much force, as this may just make their situation worse. Of these nations, only some who gave support to keeping Spain united are the US, Germany, and France.

South Sudan fell into a Civil War. Tribes in the area were fighting each other based on their political views and causing conflict and tension to rise. Many conflicts obviously led to many problems for example fighting for livestock, food, water, and many other resources famine spread throughout the country of Sudan. Many of these arguments also happened because The southern part of the country was dominated by people who were Christian or Administs beliefs, while the government of the country was Muslim and Arab.

The East Timor conflict started when they declared their independence from Indonesia in 1999. Indonesia did not approve of it and East Timor declared independence because they believed that their cultures were very different from each other this was also a cultural geographical factor.  Began with attacks by pro-Indonesia militia groups on civilians, and expanded to general violence throughout the country, centered in the capital Dili. However despite all the war, Indonesia did not win, and East Timor is now its own independent country. The physical geographic factor is East Timor splitting and changing the borders and territory lines.

This conflict started because The Soviet Union was losing Eastern Europe and some of the Balkan countries decided they are going to become independent and split up from the other countries then started a war. These countries are Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. The Cultural boundaries that are different are language and culture. Other nations' actions are from WW1 and WW2 which took over the Balkans. Wars were fought for lands independents these wars lasted till 1991 to 2001.

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