Maple, Red

Red maples are native to the eastern deciduous forest and play a very important role in healthy and balanced ecosystems. Even though they are highly susceptible to diseases and pests, they are perhaps the most abundant tree in the eastern deciduous forest, according to the National Wildlife Federation. They are also commonly planted in the Pacific Northwest, often as an ornamental tree. The reason this tree is so adaptable is because of the tree’s generalist tendencies, which allows them to accommodate to a wide range of habitat conditions. The trees grow very fast, so they can bounce back quickly after fires or other destructive events.

Within this wide range of habitat conditions, it is able to thrive in various climates. Due to its adaptable roots, they do well in both sunny and shady areas, wet or dry soil, and high or low elevation. The National Wildlife Federation claims that red maples are healthiest in deep, moist, and acidic soils.

Named after their red flowers, fruits, and twigs, red maples are breathtaking and often turn yellow and orange in the fall. In addition to fast growth, they typically reach about 60-90 feet tall but can exceed this and grow over 120 feet. On average the tree lives 60 to 90 years but can survive up to 200 years old.

Red maples provide many benefits to the ecosystem, as many species rely on them for food, shade, and nesting habitat. According to the Chesapeake Bay Program, squirrels and rodents depend on the fruit while rabbits and deer eat the leaves. Along with helping the wildlife, an Arbor Day article stated that trees also act as natural act pollutant filters, provide stormwater management, and energy reduction.

The Red Maple is native to North America and found all over the U.S. A source from the Garden Guide stated that humans did not begin cultivating the tree on a large scale until the mid 1600s. Although I could not track the journey of red maples to Boise, ID. the Treasure Valley Tree Selection Guide recommends that the tree not be planted in Canyon County or southern Ada County due to poor habitat conditions.

This tree provides various cultural, social, and economic values. An article from Home Guides explains that the red maple is specifically desired for the extraction of maple syrup. The wood is often harvested to make flooring, furniture, and musical instruments. Multiple sources also stated that American pioneers would use the tree bark for black and brown dyes and inks. Red maples, including the ones located on Boise State’s campus provide tree canopy, reduce energy use, and improve humans’ quality of life, according to the city of Boise’s story map.

A common threat to maple trees is funguses such as Verticillium wilt but can be prevented with fertilizers and proper pruning. They are also vulnerable to long-term trunk damage, leading to internal rot and decay, as stated in an article from K-State Research and Extension. Other leaf diseases and tip dieback are additional concerns when looking after these trees. Providing good care and avoiding stress on the tree are the simplest ways raise healthy trees.