
2020 February Flooding Spotlight
Documenting impacts and support provided for the February 2020 flooding event
The Storm Setup
An unusually wet period occurred over eastern Oregon during the February 5 - 9, 2020 time frame when a significant atmospheric river transported an abundance of moisture from the Pacific Ocean across eastern Oregon. Leading into this event, mountain snowpack was already near normal for early February with 15 to 30+ inches of snow depth across the mountains of eastern Oregon.
NOAA Oregon Modeled Snow Depth (February 5, 2020)
The atmospheric river event brought moderate to heavy mountain snow on February 4 and 5 with 10 to 20 inches of snow at locations between 1500 to 4000 feet, with even greater snow totals at higher elevations. During the afternoon on February 5, the snow transitioned to rain up to 5000 feet. Rainfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches fell across the Blue and Wallowa mountains of northeast Oregon, with slightly less in the foothills.
NOAA Oregon Rainfall Analysis (February 5 - 9, 2020)
The heavy rain combined with snowmelt runoff set the stage for one of the worst flood events the region has seen in some time.
NOAA Oregon Snowmelt Analysis (February 5 - 9, 2020)
Some area rivers even eclipsed prior records in terms of river levels and/or flow rates. The peak flow on the Umatilla River at Pendleton on February 6 was estimated to be around 19,000 cubic feet per second (cfs), eclipsing the previous high flows of 13,300 cfs seen in February 1996 and 15,500 cfs seen in January 1965. Preliminary data suggests the flood event on the Umatilla River was a 100 year event. [Severe flooding also occurred on the Grande Ronde and Walla Walla rivers and their tributaries, as well as Mill Creek.]
The combination of heavy rains on top of a snowpack primed for melt lead to the runoff of some 4 to 10 inches of liquid water, resulting in extensive, in some cases record, flooding across Umatilla, Union and Wallowa Counties.
Stream Gages 2020 February Flooding
2020 Flooding in Pendleton, Oregon (Elkhorn Media Group)
Umatilla Flooding I-84 to Reith (City of Pendleton)
Flyover Eastern Oregon Flooding Along Blue Mountains - Near Imbler, OR (Fire, Weather, and Avalanche Center)
Raging Grande Ronde River Feb 2020 (Fire, Weather, and Avalanche Center)
KVAL News - Eastern Oregon Flooding
KTVB News - Umatilla River Flooding
Transportation Network Impacts
Interstate 84 was closed for multiple miles due to flooding in the area. Road closures on the Interstate were in effect from 2/6/2020 through 2/11/2020.
Intestate 84 at milepost 182 to 187 near Echo
Interstate 84 near Echo
Interstate 84 at Milepost 187
Further road closures involved:
- Oregon Highway 204: from intersection with Oregon-Washington Highway 11 due to flooding and no access to I-84
- Oregon Highway 207: closed near city of Echo due to flooding
- Oregon Highway 237: closed west of intersection with Interstate 84 due to flooding
- Oregon Highway 245: closed 1 mile north of intersection with US Highway 26 due to flooding
Oregon Hwy 204 Flooding & Damage, Elgin Feb 7, 2020 (Fire, Weather, and Avalanche Center)
Road closures continue to exist on local county roads with bridge assessments ongoing.
Bingham Road Area (Umatilla County Search and Rescue)
Local and Tribal Impacts
Flooding caused major road systems failures, due to flooding, massive erosion and landslides blocking lanes and causing road closures. Many roads are still unpassable and damages not quantified. Three bridges were completely washed out prohibiting access to emergency services and residences in the area for days.
- Most of the damage to homes and businesses were caused by floodwater, but a few homes were also impacted by debris in the floodwater or by erosion of streambanks caused by the high velocity of the water. Some homes and businesses were also damaged by the penetration of rainwater once structural elements of the structure had been damaged.
Walla Walla Road / South fork Walla Walla Road received heavy damages along several miles. Homeowners were stranded and/or couldn’t get back to their homes for seven to ten days.
Mill creek road was heavily damaged cutting of local residents for seven to ten days until crews could get into to perform emergency temporary repairs. The city of Walla Walla WA also pulls water in from a source at the end of the road. This is the primary source of drinking water for the City. Their pumping station and their 30 inch pipeline was damaged and exposed during the flooding event. Utilities crews worked in coordination with Umatilla County to make the necessary road repairs so they could access and make temporary repairs to their infrastructure.
The bridge into Harris Park needs to be completely rebuilt to gain access to the park. The Park also received heavy damages and crews will need to gain access to start debris removal and repairs. There are 25 RV sites and 3 cabins at the Park. The park will likely not re-open this year which means lost revenue that would help cover 40% of the maintenance costs.
Thorn Hollow Bridge buckled and was compromised during the flooding cutting off family members, farmers, and rerouting emergency crews up to 16 miles. The design and regulatory approvals will take two to three years before construction can be started further delaying the opening of this route.
Umatilla Electric suffered extensive damage that included loss of poles and underground conduits holding electrical writing systems that were washed out due to fast flowing streams and creeks. The Umatilla electric Co-op preliminary estimate reviewed by the FEMA and state team showed 172 poles damaged or lost, damage to conductors, transforms, and washout underground electrical wiring systems. The damage resulted in the loss of power to 146 residents, which is over half of Co-ops service area. Due to accessibility to make permanent repairs the utility restored power temporarily by rerouting powerlines, cutting lines and isolating dangerous systems that are not accessible due to damaged roads and washed out bridges. Twenty three (23) residence remain without power, with 3 residences that power cannot be restored due to the destruction of these homes. The Co-op estimated that over 42 miles of electrical lines were damaged during the event.
Hermiston Irrigation District – Scour and erosion from the Umatilla River floods have greatly compromised the irrigation canal in several spots. There is ¼ mile run where the canal will be in the river if any additional erosion continues. Debris has been dumped in the intake area of the canal and will need to be cleared before irrigation season starts. The canal also serves as a fire suppression source on the G & L lines which will cause an extreme health and safety hazard for the area. The Irrigation district provides water to 12,000 with 3,000 farmers that will not have water for crops until canals are repaired. Approximately 10,000 acres of farm land will be adversely affected if they cannot restore the Maxwell Diversion and Lateral canals. This same area was also hit on DR4452 with more devastating results.
Confederate Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) – Miles of extensive road damage caused from flooding, stranded residents, and impaired emergency access. Some temporary repairs have been made for access until permanent repairs can be made. The Tribe continue to assess damages and impacts.
Milton-Freewater Water Control District – Levees and water control system heavily damaged during the flooding event. The system sustained two breeches and there is severe erosion, seepage, and leaking along the entire system. The community of Milton- Freewater evacuated at least 3,000 people due a levee failure that flooded several homes and toppled county bridges, road systems and threatened hundreds of homes. Multiple cubic yards of debris still exists in the waterway threatening improved property and structures from future flooding.
Pendleton – A levee breech due to flooding and high velocity of the river caused a sewer line to break which emptied directly into the Umatilla River. Heavy scouring and erosion around bridges in the City caused work crews to temporarily shut down bridges to inspect and remove debris from causing additional damages. No structural damages found and were re-opened within a day.
Zone one levee remained intact with only minor seepages and leaks. City work crews quickly made emergency repairs to ensure the levees did not breech and to keep the downtown area safe from the floodwaters. The zone two levee in the industrial area was breeched in several locations causing severe damages. There was also significant scour and erosion that left multiple areas of the levee with one to two feet of levee remaining. The floodwaters heavily damaged two businesses, roads, and parking lots in the industrial area. Approximately 400 employees will be affected for three to seven months while repairs are made to the facilities to get them back into operations. Emergency protective measures (repairs) are currently being performed on the levee to ensure they can withstand additional flooding anticipated later this spring with more snowmelt in the Blue Mountains and surrounding area.
Union County - Numerous roads (19) were damaged during the flooding event. Traffic re-routes during the flooding event and during emergency/temporary repairs are causing delays to residents, first responders, and county services. In the City of La Grande, flooding caused sewage backup into several private residences.
Wallowa County - During the flooding event and while public works crews perform emergency/temporary repairs, delays are being incurred by first responders providing life safety and emergency services. Farming and ranching activities will be affected by re-routes of damaged roads. Limited county funding and limited county road crew employees will delay permanent fixes. Additionally, roads will have a very rough surface until necessary repairs can be made.
Local, Tribal and State Response
The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, City of Echo, City of Milton-Freewater, City of Pendleton, City of Stanfield, City of Weston, Union County, Umatilla County, and Wallowa County declared declarations of emergency due to flooding in their area. Governor Brown declared a verbal declaration of emergency on February 7th .
The state of Oregon supplied Blackhawk and Chinook helicopters to assist with aerial rescue and reconnaissance of trapped residents and responders in the area of impact. In total, helicopters assisted:
- 54 persons - which included 2 people with disabilities
- 10 dogs
- 1 cat
- 1 bunny rabbit
- 1 deceased subject
Staff was deployed from the Oregon Office of Emergency Management (OEM), Oregon Health Authority (OHA) and Oregon Department of Human Services (DHS) to work as liaisons within the Umatilla County Emergency Operations Center and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation for up to two weeks each.
The Oregon State Fire Marshal deployed a 7 person Incident Management Team (IMT) to assist in providing command and control within the Umatilla County Emergency Operations Center for 7 days.
OEM coordinated the deployment of local emergency managers from 13 jurisdictions to help staff in the Umatilla County Emergency Operations Center for a period of 14 days.
The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) coordinated with DHS, the American Red Cross (ARC) and Umatilla County on the potential need for animal sheltering.
The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) worked with local officials to identify landfills which could legally be utilized for carcass disposal, as well providing technical assistance, along with the OHA Drinking Water Section, on well testing and decontamination of wells.
The Oregon Department of Corrections (DOC) provided Adult-in-Custody (AIC) workforce to assist in debris removal within the city of Weston. In addition, they provided feeding and laundry services to Team Rubicon.
Oregon Housing and Community Services (OHCS) worked with U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and Umatilla County to find additional housing for displaced individuals whose homes were destroyed or had major damages.
The US Army Corps of Engineers coordinated with the Oregon Department of Transportation for delivery of approximately 85,000 sandbags to support the local community and response in addition to technical support for evaluating levee conditions in the area.
Food, Water, Sheltering and Volunteer Response
The Oregon Military Department's Umatilla Armory in Pendleton was opened as an emergency shelter. Sheltering activities were then transitioned to the Pendleton Convention Center through the remainder of the event and transitioned to a Multi-Agency Recovery Coordination Center (MARC) to assist the general public with damage assistance. The sheltering functions supported over 250 individuals with an average of 200 meals a day.
The MARC was open for 2 days to provide recovery assistance information to affected individuals. Over 200 families came to the MARC to look into assistance; 118 of these registered for help with the American Red Cross.
The voluntary agency response to this event was outstanding with at least six organizations working under the leadership of Oregon Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster:
- Three community shelters were opened on the first night of the event; these were consolidated into one shelter at the Pendleton Convention Center (peak population was 45 – shelter closed on February 15); there were a total of 176 overnight stays at shelters; CTUIR provided motel rooms at the Wildhorse Resort;
- There were 162 cases opened with 390 clients; voluntary agencies made 129 mental health contacts;
- A total of 176 clean-up kits were provided;
- There were 1,098 meals served and 2,644 snacks via two mobile feeding sites;
- This was a Level 3 Operation for the American Red Cross;
- A total of at least 9176 volunteer hours were worked.
The Cost of Damages
A joint Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) was conducted for local governments and certain private non-profits for potential financial federal assistance under FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) program and Individual Assistance (IA) program. The PDA was conducted on February 17 through 21, 2020 for individual assistance for Umatilla County and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. The PDA for public assistance was conducted from February 24 through February 28, 2020 for damages in Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa Counties and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
This process involved coordinating with local emergency managers, public works departments, and utilities to document damages and costs associated with the repair of roadways and impacted parks and facilities in addition to homeowners impacted by the event. This event was the first time since the 2007 flooding event that individual assistance was requested as a part of damage assessment.
From the individual assistance PDA assessments, the estimated impacted homes in Umatilla County and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation include:
- Destroyed: 22 homes
- Major: 99 homes
- Minor: 145 homes
- Affected: 116 homes
- Inaccessible: 17 homes (due to considerable damage to bridges used as access)
- Total: 399 homes
Based upon the individual assistance PDA assessments the estimated costs of assistance is roughly $4,335,518.
The most severe public assistance impacts were damages to roads, culverts, utilities, debris removal and emergency protective measures.
February 2020 Flooding Preliminary Damage Assessment Images Viewer
From the public assistance PDA assessments, the estimated costs for this disaster are categorized as follows:
- Category A (Debris Removal): $2,834,421
- Category B (Emergency Protective Measures): $4,290,200
- Category C (Roads and Bridges): $8,588,275
- Category D (Water Control Facilities): $5,113,731
- Category E (Public Buildings): $167,177
- Category F (Utilities): $4,183,738
- Category G (Parks/Other): $1,474,040
- For a total estimated cost of roughly $26,651,582.
In addition to damages to local governments and certain private non-profits, the Oregon Department of Transportation has requested emergency relief under the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for damages to major transportation networks within Oregon. The total estimated cost requested underneath this program is roughly $17,377,000.
Presidential Disaster Declaration
On April 3, 2020, President Donald J. Trump declared that a major disaster exists in the State of Oregon and ordered Federal assistance to supplement State, tribal, and local recovery efforts in the areas affected by severe storms, flooding, landslides, and mudslides from February 5 to February 9, 2020.
The President’s action makes Federal funding available to affected individuals in Umatilla County and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
Assistance can include grants for temporary housing and home repairs, low-cost loans to cover uninsured property losses, and other programs to help individuals and business owners recover from the effects of the disaster.
Federal funding also is available to State, tribal, and eligible local governments and certain private nonprofit organizations on a cost-sharing basis for emergency work and the repair or replacement of facilities damaged by the severe storms, flooding, landslides, and mudslides in the counties of Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
Federal funding is also available on a cost-sharing basis for hazard mitigation measures statewide.
Pete Gaynor, Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Homeland Security, named Dolph A. Diemont as the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected areas.
Additional designations may be made at a later date if requested by the State and warranted by the results of further damage assessments.