Introduction to this Exhibit Guide

This exhibit reintroduces St. Clair's Defeat (also known as the Battle of the Wabash) from the perspective of descendant Tribes who participated in the battle and were subsequently forcibly removed from Ohio and Indiana in the aftermath. Four themes - Background, The Battle, Aftermath, and Persistence - frame the exhibit. Each theme has three subthemes that further explore that topic. Visit the  traveling exhibit website  for current performance site schedule.

The events of this war eventually lead to the Euro-American settlement of the Northwest Territory and the realization of "manifest destiny," often presented as a triumph of the brave European settlers and explorers, conquering any obstacle to reach new heights of liberty. The other side of this narrative is often forgotten. This side consists of invasion, violence, dispossession, forced removal, and attempted erasure of identity of American Indian Tribes that still exist and persist today.

Upon completing the exhibit, you will have:

  • A better understanding of the context of the Northwest Indian War, specifically from the viewpoint of Native Nations defending their homeland.
  • An appreciation of the skill, strategy, and coordination of the Native Tribes in orchestrating St. Clair's defeat, and achieving an overwhelming victory.
  • Reflection on the feelings invoked by the aftermath that Native peoples endured as a result of the Northwest Indian War, St. Clair's Defeat, and the loss of and forcible removal from their homelands.
  • A new understanding of American Indian Nations today as living cultures and peoples, and an interest in the persistence of their culture, language, and social identity.

Exhibit creation

This exhibit was co-created with representatives from the Nations descended from the coalition that defeated St. Clair. These Tribal Humanities Scholars and the rest of the Project Team—through five meetings, numerous interviews, and correspondence—crafted, reviewed, and edited panel text, honing the exact meaning and tone desired. The visual and organizational design features which augment the text were designed and selected with Tribal Humanities Scholars deciding how best to convey their story of St. Clair’s defeat and its effect on their Nations.


Welcome Video

Ball State St Clair's Defeat Exhibit Welcome Video (HD)


Background leading up to St. Clair's Defeat

Click link below for the Background StoryMap.


The Battle - St. Clair's Defeat, 1791

Click link below for the Battle StoryMap.


Aftermath of Treaties, Removal, Boarding Schools

Click link below for the Aftermath StoryMap.


Persistence and Tribes Today

Click link below for the Persistence StoryMap.


Tribes Today Map

Listed below are the 39 federally recognized Tribes whose Tribal ancestors defended their homelands in St. Clair’s Defeat in 1791. The location of each Tribe's current seat of government is shown on the map. Each Tribe is linked to their own website, where more information on both their history and today’s Tribal citizens can be found.

Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, Miami, Oklahoma

The Shawnee Tribe, Miami, Oklahoma

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, Wyandotte, Oklahoma

The Delaware Nation, Anadarko, Oklahoma

Delaware Tribe of Indians, Bartlettsville, Oklahoma and Caney, Kansas

Wyandotte Nation, Wyandotte, Oklahoma

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, Miami, Oklahoma

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Dowagiac, Michigan

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, Grove, Oklahoma

Absentee Shawnee Tribe, Shawnee, Oklahoma

Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation, Mayetta, Kansas

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians (Gun Lake Tribe), Shelbyville, Michigan

Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Shawnee, Oklahoma

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Crandon, Wisconsin

Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Fulton and Grand Rapids, Michigan

Hannahville Indian Community, Wilson, Michigan

Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Manistee, Michigan

The Grand Traverse Band Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Peshawbestown, Michigan

Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Basom, New York

Seneca Nation of Indians, Irving, New York

Bay Mills Indian Community, Brimley, Michigan

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan, Watersmeet, Michigan

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Baraga, Michigan

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Mount Pleasant, Michigan

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Cass Lake, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois Forte Band, Nett Lake and Tower, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond du Lac Band, Cloquet, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Grand Portage Band, Grand Portage, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Leech Lake Band, Cass Lake, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille Lacs Band, Onamia, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - White Earth Band, White Earth, Minnesota

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Red Lake, Minnesota

Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy Reservation, Box Elder, Montana

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota, Belcourt, North Dakota

Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Ashland, Wisconsin

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Hayward, Wisconsin

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Bayfield, Wisconsin

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin, Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin

Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Mole Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Crandon, Wisconsin

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Webster, Wisconsin

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee, North Carolina

Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Oklahoma

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma, Tahlequah, Oklahoma

Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, Miami, Oklahoma

The Shawnee Tribe, Miami, Oklahoma

Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, Wyandotte, Oklahoma 

The Delaware Nation, Anadarko, Oklahoma

Delaware Tribe of Indians, Bartlettsville, Oklahoma and Caney, Kansas

Wyandotte Nation, Wyandotte, Oklahoma

Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, Miami, Oklahoma 

Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Dowagiac, Michigan

Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, Grove, Oklahoma 

Absentee Shawnee Tribe, Shawnee, Oklahoma

Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation, Mayetta, Kansas 

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians (Gun Lake Tribe), Shelbyville, Michigan

Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Shawnee, Oklahoma

Forest County Potawatomi Community, Crandon, Wisconsin

Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Fulton and Grand Rapids, Michigan

Hannahville Indian Community, Wilson, Michigan

Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Manistee, Michigan 

The Grand Traverse Band Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Peshawbestown, Michigan

Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Basom, New York

Seneca Nation of Indians, Irving, New York

Bay Mills Indian Community, Brimley, Michigan

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan, Watersmeet, Michigan

Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Baraga, Michigan

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Mount Pleasant, Michigan

Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Cass Lake, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois Forte Band, Nett Lake and Tower, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond du Lac Band, Cloquet, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Grand Portage Band, Grand Portage, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Leech Lake Band, Cass Lake, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille Lacs Band, Onamia, Minnesota

Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - White Earth Band, White Earth, Minnesota

Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Red Lake, Minnesota 

Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy Reservation, Box Elder, Montana

Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota, Belcourt, North Dakota 

Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Ashland, Wisconsin

Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Hayward, Wisconsin

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Bayfield, Wisconsin

Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin, Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin

Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Mole Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Crandon, Wisconsin

St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin, Webster, Wisconsin

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee, North Carolina

Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Oklahoma

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma, Tahlequah, Oklahoma


Credits

This project has been funded by National Trust for Historic Preservation's Telling the Full History Preservation Fund, with support from National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this StoryMap Exhibit Guide do not necessarily represent those of the National Trust or the National Endowment for the Humanities.

StoryMap co-created by the Applied Anthropology Laboratories (AAL), Ball State University and the Tribal Humanities Scholars listed below, in 2022-2023.

Principal Investigators

Christine Thompson, Assistant Director and Archaeologist (AAL),  Contact Info 

Kevin C. Nolan, Director and Senior Archaeologist (AAL),  Contact Info 

Project Director

Christine Thompson, Assistant Director and Archaeologist (AAL)

Tribal Humanities Scholars

Nekole Alligood (Delaware Nation), NAGPRA Specialist, Ohio History Connection

Matthew Bussler (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

Chief Ethel Cook (Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma)

Stacey Halfmoon (Caddo/Choctaw/Delaware), formerly American Indian Liaison at Ohio History Connection

Rhonda Hayworth (Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

Larry Heady (Delaware Tribe of Indians), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

Second Chief Norman Hildebrand (Wyandotte Nation)

Diane Hunter (Miami Tribe of Oklahoma), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

Tonya Tipton (Shawnee Tribe), Tribal Historic Preservation Officer

Chief Glenna Wallace (Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma)

Tribal Reviewer

Erin Paden, Shawnee Tribe, Tribal Historic Preservation Specialist

StoryMap Designer

Christine Thompson, Assistant Director and Archaeologist (AAL)

StoryMap Design and Research Assistant

Wilson Nettleton, Student Assistant (AAL)

Exhibit Designer

Kristin Barry, Assistant Professor of Architecture, Ball State University

With Support From

Ohio History Connnection

Fort Recovery Historical Society

Fort Recovery Museum and Monument

Ball State University College of Sciences of Humanities

Ball State University Sponsored Projects Administration